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在現代軟件開發中，Docker已經成為了一個不可或缺的工具，它能夠幫助開發人員快速構建、部署和管理應用程序。而Golang作為一種高效、簡潔的編程語言，也備受開發者的青睞。那么，如何在Docker中使用Golang開發應用程序呢？本文將為大家介紹如何編寫一個Golang應用程序的Dockerfile，并利用chromedp庫實現Web自動化測試。如果你對Golang、Docker以及Web自動化測試感興趣的話，不妨繼續往下看。

問題內容

我有一個 golang 代碼，它使用 chromedp 連接到用戶的本地 chrome
這是我的代碼：

package main

import (
    "context"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "os"
    "time"

    "github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
)

func main() {
    api := gin.default()

    api.get("api/jwt", func(c *gin.context) {
        opts := append(chromedp.defaultexecallocatoroptions[:],
            chromedp.flag("headless", false),
            chromedp.flag("disable-gpu", true),
            chromedp.flag("no-sandbox", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-dev-shm-usage", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-browser-side-navigation", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-infobars", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-extensions", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-notifications", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-default-apps", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-background-timer-throttling", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-backgrounding-occluded-windows", true),
            chromedp.flag("disable-renderer-backgrounding", true),
        )

        allocctx, cancel := chromedp.newexecallocator(context.background(), opts...)
        defer cancel()

        ctx, cancel := chromedp.newcontext(allocctx)
        defer cancel()

        var localstoragedata string // declara??o da variável localstoragedata

        err := chromedp.run(ctx,
            chromedp.navigate("https://csonlinetenant.b2clogin.com/csonlinetenant.onmicrosoft.com/oauth2/v2.0/authorize"),
            chromedp.sleep(5*time.second),
            chromedp.waitvisible(`#fgh`),
            chromedp.sendkeys(`#fghfg`, "fghfgh"),
            chromedp.sendkeys(`#xcvxcv`, "xcxcvcxv"),
            chromedp.click(`#thgh`, chromedp.byid),
            chromedp.sleep(5*time.second),
            chromedp.click(`dfgd`, chromedp.byid),
            chromedp.sleep(15*time.second),
            chromedp.evaluateasdevtools(`localstorage.getitem('c')`, &localstoragedata),
        )
        if err != nil {
            log.printf("error: %v", err)
            return
        }

        fmt.println("bearer", localstoragedata)

        // restante do código...

        c.json(200, gin.h{
            "success": localstoragedata,
        })
    })

    listenaddr := os.getenv("listen")

    if val, ok := os.lookupenv("functions_customhandler_port"); ok {
        listenaddr = ":" + val
    }
    if listenaddr == "" {
        listenaddr = ":8080"
    }

    api.run(listenaddr)
}

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所以我制作了一個 dockerfile，其中包含我的客戶使用此應用程序所需的內容（我安裝了 chrome 并在圖像中構建了我的 golang）

docker 文件：

from golang:1.20 as build-stage

workdir /app

# instale as dependências do chrome
run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
    && echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
run apt-get update && apt-get -y install google-chrome-stable
run chrome &


copy go.mod go.sum ./
run go mod download

copy *.go ./

run cgo_enabled=0 goos=linux go build -o /dockergo

# run the tests in the container
from build-stage as run-test-stage
run go test -v ./...

# deploy the application binary into a lean image
from gcr.io/distroless/base-debian11 as build-release-stage

workdir /

copy --from=build-stage /dockergo /dockergo

expose 8080

user nonroot:nonroot

entrypoint ["/dockergo"]

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圖像構建成功并且沒有令人頭痛的情況
但是當在本地測試 docker 映像時，我收到此錯誤：

Error: exec: "google-chrome": executable file not found in $PATH

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這個錯誤是什么意思？我的 chrome 沒有運行？我怎樣才能運行它？

解決方法

chrome瀏覽器僅安裝在build-stage中。它在 build-release-stage 創建的最終映像中不可用。

我嘗試使用此 dockerfile 安裝 chrome：

# deploy the application binary into a lean image
from gcr.io/distroless/base-debian11 as build-release-stage

run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add - \
    && echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
run apt-get update && apt-get -y install google-chrome-stable
run chrome &

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但失敗并顯示以下消息：

...
step 2/4 : run wget -q -o - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | apt-key add -     && echo "deb http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google.list
 ---> running in 7596202a5684
failed to create shim task: oci runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "/bin/sh": stat /bin/sh: no such file or directory: unknown

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我認為你必須選擇另一個可以輕松安裝 chrome 的基礎映像。更好的選擇是使用 chromedp/headless-shell 作為基礎鏡像。該圖像包含 chrome 的無頭 shell，該 shell 非常小。下面的演示 dockerfile 還顯示了首先編譯測試二進制文件，然后在 chromedp/headless-shell 映像中運行測試：

FROM golang:1.20.5-buster AS build-stage

WORKDIR /app

COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download

COPY . .

RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -o dockergo
# Build the test binary
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 go test -c -o dockergo.test

# Run the tests in the container
FROM chromedp/headless-shell:114.0.5735.199 AS run-test-stage

WORKDIR /app
# Copy other files that is needed to run the test (testdata?).
COPY . .
COPY --from=build-stage /app/dockergo.test ./dockergo.test
RUN /app/dockergo.test -test.v

# Deploy the application binary into a lean image
FROM chromedp/headless-shell:114.0.5735.199 AS build-release-stage

COPY --from=build-stage /app/dockergo /dockergo

EXPOSE 8080

ENTRYPOINT ["/dockergo"]

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