最近客戶有個新需求，就是想查看網站的訪問情況。由于網站沒有做google的統計和百度的統計，所以訪問情況，只能通過日志查看，通過腳本的形式給客戶導出也不太實際，給客戶寫個簡單的頁面，咱也做不到。
成熟的日志解決方案，那就是ELK，還有現在比較火的Loki，（當然還有很多其他解決方案，比如Splunk、Datadog等），那我們這個小網站，小體量，必然是選擇Loki來做。
所以這次就采用Nginx+PromtAIl+Loki+Grafana來做一個簡單的Nginx日志展示。
Nginx的安裝不多說，Promtail和Loki都選用二進制的方式進行安裝，直接下載對應版本的二進制文件，解壓后指定配置文件啟動即可。
其中promtail配置文件如下配置：
server:
http_listen_port: 9080
grpc_listen_port: 0
positions:
filename: /tmp/positions.yaml
clients:
- url: http://localhost:3100/loki/api/v1/push
scrape_configs:
- job_name: nginx
pipeline_stages:
- replace:
expression: '(?:[0-9]{1,3}.){3}([0-9]{1,3})'
replace: '***'
static_configs:
- targets:
- localhost
labels:
job: nginx_access_log
host: expatsxxxxs
agent: promtail
__path__: /var/log/nginx/expatshxxxxs.access.log
日志收集工作完成后，在Nginx中，需要修改日志格式，修改Nginx的日志格式為Json格式，配置如下：
log_format json_analytics escape=json '{'
'"msec": "$msec", ' # request unixtime in seconds with a milliseconds resolution
'"connection": "$connection", ' # connection serial number
'"connection_requests": "$connection_requests", ' # number of requests made in connection
'"pid": "$pid", ' # process pid
'"request_id": "$request_id", ' # the unique request id
'"request_length": "$request_length", ' # request length (including headers and body)
'"remote_addr": "$remote_addr", ' # client IP
'"remote_user": "$remote_user", ' # client HTTP username
'"remote_port": "$remote_port", ' # client port
'"time_local": "$time_local", '
'"time_iso8601": "$time_iso8601", ' # local time in the ISO 8601 standard format
'"request": "$request", ' # full path no arguments if the request
'"request_uri": "$request_uri", ' # full path and arguments if the request
'"args": "$args", ' # args
'"status": "$status", ' # response status code
'"body_bytes_sent": "$body_bytes_sent", ' # the number of body bytes exclude headers sent to a client
'"bytes_sent": "$bytes_sent", ' # the number of bytes sent to a client
'"http_referer": "$http_referer", ' # HTTP referer
'"http_user_agent": "$http_user_agent", ' # user agent
'"http_x_forwarded_for": "$http_x_forwarded_for", ' # http_x_forwarded_for
'"http_host": "$http_host", ' # the request Host: header
'"server_name": "$server_name", ' # the name of the vhost serving the request
'"request_time": "$request_time", ' # request processing time in seconds with msec resolution
'"upstream": "$upstream_addr", ' # upstream backend server for proxied requests
'"upstream_connect_time": "$upstream_connect_time", ' # upstream handshake time incl. TLS
'"upstream_header_time": "$upstream_header_time", ' # time spent receiving upstream headers
'"upstream_response_time": "$upstream_response_time", ' # time spend receiving upstream body
'"upstream_response_length": "$upstream_response_length", ' # upstream response length
'"upstream_cache_status": "$upstream_cache_status", ' # cache HIT/MISS where Applicable
'"ssl_protocol": "$ssl_protocol", ' # TLS protocol
'"ssl_cipher": "$ssl_cipher", ' # TLS cipher
'"scheme": "$scheme", ' # http or https
'"request_method": "$request_method", ' # request method
'"server_protocol": "$server_protocol", ' # request protocol, like HTTP/1.1 or HTTP/2.0
'"pipe": "$pipe", ' # "p" if request was pipelined, "." otherwise
'"gzip_ratio": "$gzip_ratio", '
'"http_cf_ray": "$http_cf_ray",'
'"geoip_country_code": "$geoip_country_code"'
'}';
配置文件中，需要注意的是geoip的配置，需要在nginx中添加geoip模塊。
首先通過yum安裝geoip及lib庫：
yum -y install GeoIP GeoIP-data GeoIP-devel
之后，重新編譯Nginx，通過--with-http_geoip_module添加nginx的geoip模塊。
編譯完成后，在objs目錄下生成新的Nginx可執行文件，替換原先的，通過kill -USR2信號，升級Nginx。
此時配置的log_format不會再報錯geoip指令找不到，配置完成后，配置網站的access日志，引用剛才配置的json格式的log_format。
查看此時的日志格式：
{"msec": "1633430998.322", "connection": "4", "connection_requests": "1", "pid": "29887", "request_id": "40770fec38c2e5a68714df5f7a67283d", "request_length": "392", "remote_addr": "106.19.96.55", "remote_user": "", "remote_port": "43746", "time_local": "05/Oct/2021:18:49:58 +0800", "time_iso8601": "2021-10-05T18:49:58+08:00", "request": "GET / HTTP/2.0", "request_uri": "/", "args": "", "status": "200", "body_bytes_sent": "60949", "bytes_sent": "61222", "http_referer": "https://cn.bing.com/search?q=expat+tourism+agent+in+china&go=Search&qs=n&form=QBRE&sp=-1&pq=expat+tourism+agent+in+chi&sc=0-26&sk=&cvid=8BD2D4B79B3A4FA682571CB5BC7334D4", "http_user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (iphone; CPU iPhone OS 13_6 like mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (Khtml, like Gecko) Version/13.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1", "http_x_forwarded_for": "", "http_host": "www.expatsholidays.com", "server_name": "www.expatsholidays.com", "request_time": "0.003", "upstream": "127.0.0.1:9000", "upstream_connect_time": "0.000", "upstream_header_time": "0.002", "upstream_response_time": "0.002", "upstream_response_length": "60991", "upstream_cache_status": "", "ssl_protocol": "TLSv1.2", "ssl_cipher": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "scheme": "https", "request_method": "GET", "server_protocol": "HTTP/2.0", "pipe": ".", "gzip_ratio": "", "http_cf_ray": "","geoip_country_code": ""}
{"msec": "1633430998.709", "connection": "4", "connection_requests": "2", "pid": "29887", "request_id": "430fd53a457ea580c47e9b055da2b4d0", "request_length": "56", "remote_addr": "106.19.96.55", "remote_user": "", "remote_port": "43746", "time_local": "05/Oct/2021:18:49:58 +0800", "time_iso8601": "2021-10-05T18:49:58+08:00", "request": "GET /maps/api/js?ver=5.6.1 HTTP/2.0", "request_uri": "/maps/api/js?ver=5.6.1", "args": "ver=5.6.1", "status": "200", "body_bytes_sent": "41262", "bytes_sent": "41406", "http_referer": "https://www.expatsholidays.com/", "http_user_agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 13_6 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/13.1.2 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1", "http_x_forwarded_for": "", "http_host": "www.expatsholidays.com", "server_name": "www.expatsholidays.com", "request_time": "0.000", "upstream": "", "upstream_connect_time": "", "upstream_header_time": "", "upstream_response_time": "", "upstream_response_length": "", "upstream_cache_status": "", "ssl_protocol": "TLSv1.2", "ssl_cipher": "ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256", "scheme": "https", "request_method": "GET", "server_protocol": "HTTP/2.0", "pipe": ".", "gzip_ratio": "3.06", "http_cf_ray": "","geoip_country_code": ""}
已經轉為JSON格式，接著安裝grafana，最快捷的方式，通過Docker直接起一個：
docker run -d -p 3000:3000 grafana/grafana
啟動后，通過admin/admin默認用戶名密碼登錄，登陸后提示重置密碼，之后進入grafana界面。
我們直接添加數據源loki：
先通過explore查詢，日志是否存入loki。
可以看到，日志已經存入loki。
接著添加Dashboard，通過ID導入。
導入如下：
可以看到，這里地圖沒展示，缺少grafana-worldmap-panel插件，我們裝一下，通過命令行：
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-worldmap-panel
安裝完成后，重啟grafana，重新查看dashboard。
地圖可以展示，這里因為地圖的地址是國外的地址，所以地圖的圖片無法加載，可以通過反代的方式解決。
ok，今天內容就這些，通過簡單快速的方式，為客戶呈現網站的詳細訪問情況，Loki+Grafana是絕佳的組合。
作者丨李俊鵬
來源丨cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/2115373
