袁大頭是民國時(shí)期主要流通貨幣之一,"袁大頭"是對袁世凱像系列硬幣的口語俗稱,嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)點(diǎn)說叫"袁世凱像背嘉禾銀幣"。北洋政府為了整頓幣制,劃一銀幣,于民國十年(1914年)二月,頒布《國幣條例》十三條,決定實(shí)行銀本位制度。《國幣條例》規(guī)定:"以庫平純銀六錢四分八厘為價(jià)格之單位,定名為圓","一圓銀幣,總重七錢二分,銀八九,銅一一","一圓銀幣用數(shù)無限制",即以一圓銀幣為無限法償?shù)谋疚毁J幣。根據(jù)這一規(guī)定,于1914年12月及1915年2月, 先后由造幣總廠及江南造幣廠開鑄一圓銀幣,幣面鐫刻袁世凱頭像,俗稱"袁頭幣"或"袁大頭"。
Yuan Datou was one of the main currency in circulation during the period of the Republic of China. "Yuan Datou" is a colloquial term for Yuan Shikai's series of coins. To be precise, it is called "Yuan Shikai carrying Jiahe silver coin". In order to rectify the currency system, the Beiyang government issued 13 articles of the national currency regulations in February 1914, and decided to implement the silver standard system. According to the national currency regulations, "the unit price of Kuping pure silver is 6.4% and 8.0%, and it is named as Yuan", "one yuan silver coin, with a total weight of 7.2 cents, silver of 89, and copper of 11." there is no limit on the amount of one yuan silver coin, that is, one yuan silver coin is the standard loan currency with unlimited legal compensation. According to this rule, in December 1914 and February 1915, the general mint and Jiangnan Mint successively issued a silver coin with the head of Yuan Shikai engraved on its face, commonly known as "Yuan tou coin" or "yuan Datou".
鑄造跨度從1914年至1929年,總發(fā)行量超過7.5 億枚。該系列幣分別重26.6克、13.3克、5.3克和2.6克;成色分別為89.1%、84.5%、80.4%和82.5%;該幣的外環(huán)主要是直齒邊,另外,還鑄有少量工字邊和花齒邊。
The casting span was from 1914 to 1929, with a total circulation of more than 750 million pieces. The coins of this series weigh 26.6 g, 13.3 g, 5.3 g and 2.6 g respectively; the fineness is 89.1%, 84.5%, 80.4% and 82.5%; the outer ring of the coin is mainly straight tooth edge, and there are a few I-shaped edge and flower tooth edge.
清代國幣稱為龍洋,以銀幣為主幣,主要有光緒元寶、大清銀幣、宣統(tǒng)元寶等,總重量為(26.3--27克),含純銀六錢四分八厘(25.7856808克),其含銀量89%進(jìn)行鑄造 。
The Qing Dynasty national currency is called Longyang, with silver coins as the main currency, mainly including Guangxu Yuanbao, Daqing silver coin, Xuantong Yuanbao, etc., with a total weight of (26.3-27 g), containing six quarters of pure silver (25.7856808 g), and its silver content is 89%.
清朝滅亡之后,1912年4月袁世凱出任大總統(tǒng)。北洋政府鑒于當(dāng)時(shí)鑄幣、紙幣十分復(fù)雜,流通的中外貨幣在百種以上,規(guī)格不一,流通混亂,折算繁瑣,民眾積怨,同時(shí)也想借助貨幣改制以解決軍費(fèi)問題,便決定鑄發(fā)國幣。袁世凱為了提高自己的統(tǒng)治地位,把他的頭像鑄于幣面,"袁大頭"由此而來。
After the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Yuan Shikai became president in April 1912. In view of the complexity of the coinage and paper money at that time, there were more than 100 kinds of Chinese and foreign currencies in circulation, with different specifications, disorderly circulation, complicated conversion, and people's resentment. At the same time, they also wanted to solve the military expenditure problem by means of currency reform, so they decided to issue national currency. In order to improve his ruling position, Yuan Shikai cast his head on the coin face, and "yuan Dadou" came from it.
1914年2月7日,袁世凱以大總統(tǒng)令形式公布了《國幣條例》及《國幣條例施行細(xì)則》,其主要內(nèi)容是規(guī)定錢幣的鑄造發(fā)行權(quán)歸民國政府所有,原先的各個(gè)官局所鑄造發(fā)行的1元銀元,由民國政府兌換并改鑄,在一點(diǎn)的時(shí)期內(nèi),承認(rèn)它們的價(jià)值等同于國幣1元的價(jià)值。國幣中的主幣是1元銀元,其重量是庫平純銀6錢4分零8毫(6.408錢),材質(zhì)是銀占89%,銅占10%,錫占1%,一枚成品銀元的重量是7錢2分。規(guī)定國幣種類有銀幣4種(壹圓、中圓、貳角、壹角)、鎳幣一種(五分)、銅幣五種(二分、一分、五厘、二厘、一厘)。正面鐫袁世凱側(cè)面頭像及發(fā)行年號,背面鑄嘉禾紋飾與幣值。《國幣條例》公布同年先在天津造幣廠鑄造"袁大頭"壹圓銀幣,后在南京、廣東、武昌等造幣廠陸續(xù)鑄造。
On February 7, 1914, Yuan Shikai promulgated the national currency regulations and the detailed rules for the implementation of the national currency regulations in the form of a presidential decree. The main content of the regulations is to stipulate that the right to issue coins should be owned by the government of the Republic of China. The government of the Republic of China will exchange and change the original silver dollar issued by various government bureaus. In a certain period of time, they are recognized as having a value equal to 1 yuan of national currency. The main currency of the national currency is 1 yuan silver yuan, which weighs 6.408 yuan of pure silver in Kuping. The material is silver 89%, copper 10%, tin 1%. The weight of a finished silver dollar is 7 coins and 2 cents. According to the regulations, there are four kinds of national currency: silver coin (one yuan, medium dollar, two jiao and one jiao), one nickel coin (five cents) and five copper coins (two cents, one cent, five percent, two percent and one percent). On the obverse side, Yuan Shikai's profile head and issue year number are engraved, and on the back are Jiahe ornaments and currency value. In the same year, yuan Datou was first minted at Tianjin mint, and then successively minted in Nanjing, Guangdong, Wuchang and other mints.
當(dāng)時(shí)錢幣的換算關(guān)系和人民幣一樣,以十進(jìn)位,1元等于十北洋造幣廠角,一角等于十分,一分等于十厘。自從《國幣條例》公布以后,天津造幣廠就開始鑄造袁大頭1元銀元,后來,南京、廣東、武昌等造幣廠也都開始陸續(xù)鑄造發(fā)行袁大頭銀元。由于袁大頭1元銀元幣型規(guī)整,圖案新穎,有明確的重量和成色,容易識別,因此,袁大頭銀元很快就被老百姓接受,并很快在全國的范圍內(nèi)流通。因袁大頭壹圓銀幣幣型劃一,成色、重量有嚴(yán)格規(guī)定,很快受到了社會認(rèn)同和接受,在國內(nèi)金融市場上逐步取代了清朝的龍洋,成為流通領(lǐng)域的主幣。
At that time, the conversion relationship of coins was the same as that of RMB. In decimal places, 1 yuan was equal to 10 Beiyang Mint horn, 1 jiao was equal to 10%, and 1 Fen was equal to 10%. Since the promulgation of the national currency regulations, Tianjin Mint began to cast yuan Datou 1 yuan silver yuan. Later, Nanjing, Guangdong, Wuchang and other mints began to issue yuan Datou silver yuan successively. Due to the regular type, novel design, clear weight and color, easy to identify, yuan Datou silver dollar was quickly accepted by the people and circulated throughout the country. Because yuan Datou's one yuan silver coin was uniform in type, strict in quality and weight, it was quickly recognized and accepted by the society. It gradually replaced Longyang in the Qing Dynasty in the domestic financial market and became the circulation field
此枚中華民國十年造的袁大頭,出自王女士的家傳之寶,制作精美,其字體,人像及嘉禾圖案相對其他版本更為精致。其色潤澤柔白、音色柔長、文圖精確、包漿自然。正面上方刻有“中華民國十年造”的字樣,中央攜刻袁世凱頭像,背面是嘉禾結(jié)帶包圍著“壹圓”字樣。保存完整,品相上佳,極具觀賞與收藏價(jià)值。
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