清代光緒元寶
光緒元寶是清朝光緒年間流通的貨幣之一。由湖北兩廣總督張之洞率先引進(jìn)英國鑄幣機(jī)器鑄造銀元和銅元,之后各省紛紛仿效。共有十九個(gè)省局鑄造,除中央戶部,地方省所鑄銅元,皆在其正面上緣鐫寫省名。
Guangxu Yuanbao was one of the currency in circulation during the reign of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces in Hubei Province, was the first to introduce British coin making machines to cast silver and copper coins, and then all provinces followed suit. A total of 19 provinces and bureaus cast copper coins, except for the central Hubu and local provinces, inscribed with the names of the provinces on the front.
光緒元寶是大清光緒年流通大面值貨幣之首,是我國首批引進(jìn)海外技術(shù)的印發(fā)流通貨幣,對(duì)于現(xiàn)今也蘊(yùn)藏了一定歷史意義。廣東省造光緒元寶在中國近代機(jī)器鑄幣史上屬一個(gè)大系列,其鑄期歷時(shí)甚長(zhǎng)(從光緒22年-光緒34年[1896至1908年]),歷經(jīng)十余載,幣模幾經(jīng)更替,即使同一鑄造年份亦往往由于修模、幣材、工藝技術(shù)、工廠管理等諸多因素,造成版別異常繁雜。
Guangxu Yuanbao is the first large denomination currency in circulation in Guangxu year of Qing Dynasty. It is one of the first batch of printing and distributing currency that introduces overseas technology. It also contains certain historical significance for today. Guangxu Yuanbao made in Guangdong province belongs to a large series in the history of modern machine coinage in China. Its coinage lasted for a long time (from the 22nd year of Guangxu to the 34th year of Guangxu [1896-1908]). After more than ten years, the mints were replaced several times. Even in the same year, the editions were very complicated due to many factors, such as mold modification, coin materials, technology and factory management.
清代銀幣、紙鈔、銅幣并行,至嘉慶年間發(fā)行新式銀元,而光緒年間鑄行金、銀幣更多。洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)也影響到鑄幣業(yè),兩廣總督張之洞曾于光緒十三年(1887年)委托使英大臣在英國訂購全套造幣機(jī)器,并在廣東錢局首鑄機(jī)制銀元和銅元。其后,各省紛紛仿效,購制國外機(jī)械鑄造銀、銅元。包括廣東錢局在內(nèi),許多造幣機(jī)均訂購自著名的英國倫敦伯明翰造幣有限公司。英國大工業(yè)的介入,使銀幣也沾染上西方色彩。錢幣正面鮮然可見滿漢文化的融合,而錢背卻明確標(biāo)示了西方文化的介入。
In the Qing Dynasty, silver coins, paper notes and copper coins went hand in hand, and new silver coins were issued in Jiaqing period, while more gold and silver coins were produced in Guangxu period. The westernization movement also affected the coinage industry. In 1887, the governor of Guangdong and Guangdong provinces, Zhang Zhidong, entrusted the British ministers to order a complete set of coin making machines in Britain, and first minted silver and copper coins in Guangdong money Bureau. Later, the provinces followed suit and purchased foreign mechanical casting silver and copper coins. Many mints, including Guangdong money Bureau, are ordered from the famous London Birmingham Mint Co., Ltd. With the intervention of British industry, silver coins were also stained with western color. On the obverse side of the coin, the integration of Manchu and Han culture can be seen, while the back of coin clearly indicates the intervention of western culture.
"光緒元寶"當(dāng)時(shí)共十九個(gè)省局鑄造。除中央戶部,地方省所鑄銅元,皆在其正面上緣鐫寫省名。計(jì)有:1戶部;2北洋;3吉林;4奉天;5清江;6浙江;7江南;8廣東;9山東;10福建;11湖南;12湖北;13四川;14江西;15河南;16安徽;17廣西;18新疆;19黑龍江。
At that time, the "Guangxu Yuanbao" was cast by 19 provinces. In addition to the central Hubu, the name of the province was engraved on the upper edge of the bronze coins. There are: 1 Hubu; 2 Beiyang; 3 Jilin; 4 Fengtian; 5 Qingjiang; 6 Zhejiang; 7 Jiangnan; 8 Guangdong; 9 Shandong; 10 Fujian; 11 Hunan; 12 Hubei; 13 Sichuan; 14 Jiangxi; 15 Henan; 16 Anhui; 17 Guangxi; 18 Xinjiang; 19 Heilongjiang.
此枚光緒元寶是段先生收藏的珍品,該枚錢幣材質(zhì)為銅,錢幣正面咸豐重寶直讀,背面當(dāng)十,穿廓異常規(guī)整,穿口修直,邊緣寬擴(kuò);文字極為端美,楷書體書意典范,字口清晰,字韻盈溢;錢體渾厚沉穩(wěn),包漿濃郁自然。錢文精美,字口深峻,每個(gè)字的筆畫都非常清晰,絕無粘連模糊,而且筆畫比同版本的流通錢要細(xì)瘦,從細(xì)部看還保有手工鏤刻的痕跡。此枚古錢銅制精良,鑄造工藝也非常精美,形制規(guī)整,十分精致美觀。
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