黃釉開片雙耳尊
官窯之謂,在中國古代陶瓷史上有不同的內(nèi)涵。就廣義而言,是有別民窯而專為官辦的瓷窯,其產(chǎn)品為宮廷所壟斷。在宋代瓷器中,官窯即是一種專稱。此件官窯貫耳瓶即仿自古代青銅投壺造型,直口闊腹,瓶側(cè)筒狀貫耳與足部兩側(cè)長方孔相對應(yīng),可以穿系繩帶。此瓶釉色厚潤,端莊典雅,是宋代瓷器中的珍品。
There are different connotations in the history of ancient Chinese ceramics. In a broad sense, it is a porcelain kiln specially run by the government for its different folk kilns, and its products are monopolized by the court. In Song Dynasty porcelain, official kiln is a special name. This Guan kiln through ear bottle is modeled after the ancient bronze throwing pot. It has a straight mouth and wide abdomen. The cylinder-shaped through ear on the side of the bottle corresponds to the rectangular holes on both sides of the foot and can be tied with a rope belt. The glaze of this vase is thick, elegant and dignified. It is a treasure in the porcelain of Song Dynasty.
汴京官窯,又稱北宋官窯,是中國古代著名窯廠,由北宋政府于大觀、政和年間在首都汴京開設(shè),后毀于宋金戰(zhàn)火,持續(xù)時(shí)間不足20年。汴京官窯開啟了中國皇室用瓷制度的新篇章。與貢窯不同,所謂"官窯",是由皇家經(jīng)辦、只為宮廷服務(wù)、產(chǎn)品不得流入民間的窯廠。此后"官窯"一辭成為定名,歷代官辦窯廠和官造瓷器均沿用這一說法,稱作"某某朝官窯"。迄今為止,僅僅在傳世品中發(fā)現(xiàn)過汴京官窯出產(chǎn)的青瓷,造型古雅,釉色瑩潤,為世間所珍,列入宋代五大名窯。窯址據(jù)據(jù)推測位于今天河南省開封市,尚未發(fā)現(xiàn)具體遺址。
Bianjing official kiln, also known as the Northern Song Dynasty official kiln, is a famous kiln factory in ancient China. It was opened by the Northern Song government in the period of Daguan, Zhenghe in Bianjing, the capital, and later destroyed in the war of song and Jin Dynasty, lasting less than 20 years. Bianjing official kiln opened a new chapter in the porcelain system of the Chinese royal family. Different from the Gong kiln, the so-called "official kiln" is a kiln operated by the royal family, which only serves the court and whose products are not allowed to flow into the folk. Since then, the term "official kiln" has become a given name, which has been used in all the official kilns and official made porcelain in the past dynasties. It is called "official kiln of a certain Dynasty". Up to now, only celadon produced by Bianjing official kiln has
been found in the handed down products. It has an ancient and elegant shape, bright and lustrous glaze color, which is precious in the world and listed in the five famous kilns of Song Dynasty. The kiln site is presumed to be located in Kaifeng City, Henan Province today, but no specific site has been found.
北宋官窯黃釉開片雙耳尊瓷釉面的開片,其開片紋極富美感,如水波粼粼,晶瑩剔透,產(chǎn)生出令人驚嘆的紋裂美。其為北宋官瓷之精品。這是北宋官窯中大美之大器。米黃釉,米色這一名稱的來源誠如康蕊君先生為此件蘇富比直頸瓶所作《瑩潤絕色賽黃玉》一文中所指出的,系上世紀(jì)五十年代日本鑒藏家米內(nèi)山庸夫所創(chuàng),“意指帶殼稻米之金黃”,也即成熟的稻谷澄黃之色。這跟古文獻(xiàn)中的“炒米色”是有區(qū)別的,炒米色是指白而微黃的釉色,主要指“傳世哥窯器”中的一類釉色。事實(shí)上,從大量的窯址標(biāo)本中可以看到,米黃釉龍泉的呈色也是濃淡不一的,或黃中帶褐,或黃中閃青,或黃中泛灰,很難一以概之,所以筆者認(rèn)為,不如以黃釉直截了當(dāng)?shù)胤Q謂這類龍泉青瓷。米黃釉,米色這一名稱的來源誠如康蕊君先生為此件蘇富比直頸瓶所作《瑩潤絕色賽黃玉》一文中所指出的,系上世紀(jì)五十年代日本鑒藏家米內(nèi)山庸夫所創(chuàng),“意指帶殼稻米之金黃”,也即成熟的稻谷澄黃之色。這跟古文獻(xiàn)中的“炒米色”是有區(qū)別的,炒米色是指白而微黃的釉色,主要指“傳世哥窯器”中的一類釉色。事實(shí)上,從大量的窯址標(biāo)本中可以看到,米黃釉龍泉的呈色也是濃淡不一的,或黃中帶褐,或黃中閃青,或黃中泛灰,很難一以概之,所以筆者認(rèn)為,不如以黃釉直截了當(dāng)?shù)胤Q謂這類龍泉青瓷。
In the Northern Song Dynasty, the opening pattern of the yellow glaze split double ear Zun porcelain glaze is very beautiful, such as the sparkling water, crystal clear, which produces an amazing beauty of crack. It is the best official porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty. This is the great beauty of the official kilns in the Northern Song Dynasty. The name "Beige glaze" and "Beige" originated from the article "Yingrun jueyue" written by Mr. kangruijun for this Sotheby '. This is different from "fried Beige" in ancient literature. Fried Beige refers to white and yellowish glaze color, mainly refers to a kind of glaze color in "handed down Ge ware". In fact, from a
large number of kiln specimens, we can see that the color of the beige glaze Longquan is also different, or brown in the yellow, or bright blue in the yellow, or gray in the yellow, which is difficult to be generalized. Therefore, the author thinks that it is better to call this kind of Longquan celadon directly with the yellow glaze. The name "Beige glaze" and "Beige" originated from the article "Yingrun jueyue" written by Mr. kangruijun for this Sotheby '. This is different from "fried Beige" in ancient literature. Fried Beige refers to white and yellowish glaze color, mainly refers to a kind of glaze color in "handed down Ge ware". In fact, from a large number of kiln specimens, we can see that the color of the beige glaze Longquan is also different, or brown in the yellow, or bright blue in the yellow, or gray in the yellow, which is difficult to be generalized. Therefore, the author thinks that it is better to call this kind of Longquan celadon directly with the yellow glaze..
北宋晚期至南宋早期確實(shí)出現(xiàn)較多的黃釉產(chǎn)品,這一方面可能與當(dāng)時(shí)擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)有關(guān),另一方面則是燒制技術(shù)的局限,窯工對于燒成氣氛的掌控技術(shù)沒有完全成熟。與南宋官窯不同的是,龍泉窯傳世器中一直不乏黃釉產(chǎn)品,且有一類高質(zhì)量的黃釉產(chǎn)品,釉面瑩潤,色如蜜蠟,開片似冰裂。
From the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty, there were many yellow glaze products. On the one hand, it may be related to the expansion of production at that time, on the other hand, the limitation of firing technology. The kiln workers did not fully mature the control technology of firing atmosphere. Different from the official kilns of the Southern Song Dynasty, there are a lot of yellow glaze products in the handed down wares of Longquan kiln, and there are a kind of high-quality yellow glaze products, the glaze surface is bright and lustrous, the color is like honey wax, the slice is like ice crack.
此黃釉開片雙耳尊為程先生的藏品,此瓶瑩凈無瑕則需胎釉結(jié)合緊密,在燒制過程中胎釉膨脹系數(shù)一致,換而言之,開片容易不開片難,冰裂與光潔無紋的釉面孰高孰下不言而喻。本品造型尊貴典雅,曲線優(yōu)美怡人,釉水凝厚瑩亮,釉面圈足修削隨意,無聚釉垂流之患,極具收藏價(jià)值。
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