端硯
硯亦稱為研,中國傳統手工藝品之一,硯與筆、墨、紙合稱中國傳統的文房四寶,是中國書法的必備用具。硯材的運用也極為廣泛,其中以山東青州的紅絲硯、廣東肇慶的端硯、安徽歙縣的歙硯、甘肅卓尼的洮河硯最為突出,稱“四大名硯”。
硯 is also called Yan, one of the traditional Chinese handicrafts. 硯 and pen, ink, and paper together are called the four treasures of traditional Chinese study. It is an indispensable tool for Chinese calligraphy. The use of wood materials is also very extensive. Among them, the red silk magpie in Qingzhou, Shandong, the Duan magpie in Zhaoqing, Guangdong, the magpie in Pixian, Anhui, and the Luohe magpie in Zhuoni, Gansu are the most prominent.
硯臺歷經秦漢、魏晉,至唐代起,各地相繼發現適合制硯的石料,開始以石為主的硯臺制作。其中采用山東的紅絲硯、廣東端州的端石、安徽歙州的歙石及甘肅臨洮的洮河石制作的硯臺,被分別稱作紅絲硯、端硯、歙硯、洮河硯。史書將紅絲硯、端、歙、臨洮硯稱作四大名硯。清末,又將山西的澄泥硯與端、歙、臨洮,并列為中國四大名硯。也有人主張,以天然硯石雕制的魯硯中的徐工石硯代替澄泥硯,合稱四大名硯。
Huantai went through the Qin and Han dynasties, Wei and Jin, and since the Tang Dynasty, various places have successively found suitable stone materials for making junipers, and began to make stone-based ones. Among them, the platform made of red silk crickets in Shandong, Duanshi in Duanzhou, Guangdong, Luzhou in Anhui, and Caohe stone in Lintong, Gansu, are called red silk crickets, Duanji, crickets, and Caohejing. The history books refer to the red silk 硯, 歙, 歙, and 洮硯 洮硯 as the four famous 硯. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Chengni magpie in Shanxi and Duan, 歙, and Lintong were listed as the four famous magpies in China. It has also been suggested that the Xuangong stone clams from Lu Xun carved from natural stone clams replace Chengni clams, collectively known as the four famous clams..
作為四大名硯之一的端硯,發展至今已有1000多年的歷史了。端硯其材料取于廣東肇慶高要縣東南端溪之爛河山(又稱斧柯山)因其“體重而輕,質剛而柔,摸之寂寞無纖響,按之如小兒肌膚,溫軟嫩而不滑”且有不損毫,宜發墨的特點。自唐代問世以來,端硯便頗受文人學士青睞。加上紋理綺麗,各具名目,加工技藝亦愈紛繁,地位越來越高,以致升到我國石硯之首,長盛不衰。
As one of the four famous names, it has more than 1,000 years of history. Duanxiong's materials are taken from the rotten rivers and mountains (also known as Axe Keshan) in the southeastern stream of Gaoyao County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong. Because of its "light weight, rigid and soft texture, it feels lonely and has no fiber ringing. It is like a child's skin, soft Tender but not slippery ", and has no damage, should be ink. Since the advent of the Tang Dynasty, Duan Yan has been favored by scholars. Coupled with the beautiful texture, each with its own name, the processing technology has become more and more complicated, and its status has become higher and higher, so that it has risen to the top of China's stone gangue and has a long and prosperous life.
端硯有細潤如玉猶如小孩皮膚、磨墨無聲、貯水不耗、發墨不損毫、呵氣可研墨、研出的墨寫字蟲不蛀等優點。其中的老坑、坑仔巖、麻子坑、宋坑出產的更好,合稱“端硯四大名坑”。其中清代書法家陳齡總結了端硯有“八德”:“一曰歷寒不冰,質之溫也;二曰貯水不耗,質之潤也;三曰研墨無泡,質之柔也;四曰發墨無聲,質之嫩也;五曰停墨浮艷,質之細也;六曰護毫加秀,質之膩也;七曰起墨不滯,質之潔也;八曰經久不乏,質之美也。具此八德,古今之文人收為瑰寶,端硯以成為可遇而不可求者也。”
Duanyan has the advantages of being as smooth as jade, like a child's skin, silently rubbing the ink, not consuming water, not damaging the ink, being able to study the ink with breath, and not writing the ink with insects. Among them, Laokeng, Hangzaiyan, Mazikeng, and Songkeng are better produced,
collectively referred to as the "four famous pits of Duanyan." Among them, Chen Ling, a calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty, summarized that Duan Yan had "eight virtues": "One means that the calendar is cold and ice-free, and the quality is warm; the second is that water is not consumed, and the quality is also good; Rou Ye; Fourth, the silent ink, the tenderness of quality; Five, the stop of the ink flamboyant, the fineness of the quality; Sixth, the protection of the Jiajiaxiu, the quality of the greasy; the seventh, the ink is not stagnant, the quality of the clean also; Ba Yue has a long history and beautiful quality. With this virtue, the literati of ancient and modern times have collected it as a treasure, and they have been made to be able to meet but not seek. "
此方端硯是劉先生收藏的珍品,是由廣東肇慶制造而出的端硯,此端硯硯臺到代,年代久遠,造型美觀(龍紋狀),工藝獨特,端硯以石質堅實、潤滑、細膩、嬌嫩而馳名于世,用端硯研墨不滯,發墨快,研出之墨汁細滑,書寫流暢不損毫,字跡顏色經久不變,端硯若佳,無論是酷暑還是嚴冬,用手按其硯心,硯心湛藍墨綠,水氣久久不干,世所罕見,為硯臺中之孤品。收藏價值和升值空間都值得期待。
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