【藏品名稱】：乾隆通寶
[collection name]: Qianlong Tongbao
【藏品類別】：錢幣
[collection type]: Coins
【藏品簡介】：雍正十三年（1735年），清高宗即位，改元乾隆。鑄行“乾隆通寶”，要求仍重一錢二分，該錢書法鑄工都比雍正時更為精美。最初清政府仍繼續執行通貨緊縮的政策。錢局較雍正時有所增減，首先在乾隆四年，停了寶河、寶鞏、寶濟三局，于乾隆五年時開寶福局，七年開寶桂局，十年開寶直局。乾隆朝以前的制錢不加錫，以銅、鉛、鋅配制，稱之為“黃錢”，在乾隆五年規定在鑄錢銅料之中加百分之二的錫，稱為“青錢”。官方說是為杜絕私錢，實則無異于減重。“乾隆四十年時，私鑄情況日盛，各省官員出現盜鑄，政府對此無計可施，加上云南銅產量逐年遞減，導致銅價飛漲，鑄錢成本也隨之水漲船高。清政府繼而又采取了通貨緊縮政策，先后停鑄了寶直、大理、廣西、臨安等局，同時鼓勵商人從海外進口銅材。但是這些措施未能從根本上解決問題，私鑄雖有所減少，但官錢不見增加，民間交易缺錢，就出現了使用古錢的現象。到了乾隆五十年后，又相繼開了寶直等局，同時放寬了鑄錢的標準，所以導致乾隆后期制錢的質量參差不齊，大不如初的情況。
[introduction to the collection]: in the 13th year of Yongzheng (1735), Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne and changed to Qianlong of the Yuan Dynasty. Casting the "Qianlong Tongbao" requires that it still weighs one coin and two cents. The calligraphy and casting of the coin are more exquisite than that of Yongzheng. At first, the Qing government continued to implement the policy of deflation. The Qian Bureau increased or decreased compared with that of Yongzheng. First, in the fourth year of Qianlong, Baohe, Baogong and Baoji were stopped. In the fifth year of Qianlong, Baofu Bureau was opened, Baogui Bureau was opened in seven years and Baozhi Bureau was opened in ten years. Before the Qianlong Dynasty, money was made without Tin and made of copper, lead and zinc, which was called "yellow money". In the fifth year of Qianlong, it was stipulated to add 2% tin to the copper material for money casting, which was called "green money". Officials say it is to eliminate private money, but in fact it is tantamount to weight loss. "In the 40th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, private casting was flourishing, and officials from all provinces stole casting. The government could do nothing about it. In addition, the copper production in Yunnan decreased year by year, which led to the soaring price of copper and the rising cost of casting money. The Qing government then adopted a deflationary policy, successively stopped casting Baozhi, Dali, Guangxi, Lin'an and other bureaus, and encouraged businessmen to import copper from overseas. However, this These measures failed to fundamentally solve the problem. Although private casting decreased, the official money did not increase, and private transactions were short of money, so the use of ancient money appeared. Fifty years after Qianlong, Baozhi bureaus were opened one after another, and the standard of money casting was relaxed. Therefore, the quality of money making in the later period of Qianlong was uneven.
乾隆當政60年，除了新疆幾個錢局以外，陸陸續續共開設18個錢局（有的錢局設有“分公司”，這里就不說了），泉源武直陜，福桂云廣川，昌晉蘇浙黔，還有臺濟南。分別是寶泉局（戶部京局）、寶源局（戶部京局）、寶直局（直隸保定）、寶陜局（西安）、寶晉局（太原）、寶黔局（貴陽）、寶蘇局（蘇州）、寶浙局（浙江）、寶桂局（桂林）、寶川局（成都）、寶福局（福州）、寶臺局（臺灣，福建代鑄）、寶昌局（南昌）、寶廣局（廣州）、寶云局（云南）、寶濟局（濟南）、寶武局（武昌）、寶南局（長沙）。
During the 60 years of Qianlong's reign, in addition to several money bureaus in Xinjiang, a total of 18 money bureaus were successively opened (some money bureaus have "branches", not to mention here), Quanyuan, Wuzhishan, Fugui, yunguangchuan, Changjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guizhou, and Jinan. Baoquan Bureau (Beijing Bureau of Hubu), Baoyuan Bureau (Beijing Bureau of Hubu), Baozhi Bureau (Baoding, Zhili), Baoshan Bureau (Xi'an), Baojin Bureau (Taiyuan), Baoqian Bureau (Guiyang), Baosu Bureau (Suzhou), baozhe Bureau (Zhejiang), Baogui Bureau (Guilin), Baochuan Bureau (Chengdu), Baofu Bureau (Fuzhou), Baotai Bureau (Taiwan, Fujian Daizhu) and Baochang Bureau (Nanchang) , Baoguang Bureau (Guangzhou), Baoyun Bureau (Yunnan), Baoji Bureau (Jinan), Baowu Bureau (Wuchang), Baonan Bureau (Changsha).
清高宗乾隆皇帝于公元1735年即位，在位的60年里施展其“文治武功”的治國策略，創造了封建社會里最后一個輝煌盛世，之后民間便盛傳佩帶“乾隆通寶”銅錢可驅災辟邪，又因乾隆二字諧音“錢隆”而備受后世藏家所喜愛。所謂母錢，就是古時翻鑄大量錢幣時，中央和地方財政所制作的標準 樣板錢。
Emperor Qianlong, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty, ascended the throne in 1735 A.D. during his 60 years in office, he exercised his "cultural and martial arts" strategy of governing the country, creating the last glorious era in the feudal society. Later, it was widely rumored that wearing "Qianlong Tongbao" copper coins could drive away disasters and evil spirits, and was loved by future collectors because the word Qianlong was homonymous with "Qianlong". The so-called mother money is the standard model money made by the central and local finance when a large number of coins were minted in ancient times.
銅塊或錫、鉛塊直接雕刻成錢模，鑄錢時用祖錢作模，翻鑄母錢。這些母錢頒發到各地，各地則用母錢制范鑄幣。母錢錢的雕制是很精良的，如今所見雕母都是金黃色的銅制，是質地優良的銅材。銅雕母的錢文很精美，字口深竣。
Copper or tin or lead blocks are directly carved into money molds. When casting money, ancestral money is used as a mold to turn into mother money. These mother coins were issued to all localities, and all localities made fan coins with mother coins. The carving of mother money is very excellent. Now all the carving mothers are made of golden copper, which is a good copper material. The money inscriptions of the bronze carving mother are very exquisite and the words are deep.
雕母錢不見刀痕跡象，比同版流通的錢稍大些、厚重些。雕母錢被制成錢模后取走，工匠用熔化了的銅液澆鑄在錢模上，待鑄幣冷卻后開模，取出鑄幣加工打磨光潔即成。
There is no sign of knife marks on the carved mother money, which is slightly larger and heavier than the money circulating in the same edition. The carved mother coin is made into a coin mold and taken away. The craftsman casts the molten copper on the coin mold. After the coin cools, the mold is opened, the coin is taken out, processed and polished.
乾隆通寶”當時發行時間較長，乾隆的雕母和母錢因流傳數量極少，現在以是收藏家們青睞的對象，具有很高的收藏價值。
"Qianlong Tongbao" was issued for a long time at that time. Due to the small number of Carved Mother coins and mother coins of Qianlong, they are now favored by collectors and have high collection value.
