【藏品名稱】：清代醬釉鳥食罐
[collection name]: Sauce glazed bird food pot in Qing Dynasty
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品簡介】：鳥食罐最講究成堂配套，有二罐一套、三罐一套、四罐一套或五罐一套的。南方對鳥籠中用于裝飾插花(有的地方也用于喂食，如成都地區蓄養桐花鳳就用小花瓶喂食蜂蜜)的小花瓶頗多講究，不同的鳥籠配不同形狀、大小的花瓶，與食罐、水罐配為一套，觀之極為雅致。有人曾就過眼的清代鳥籠小花瓶做過統計，僅就所見的各種大小各種形狀的就達30幾種。鳥食罐有素胎和花胎之分，素胎以釉色相區別，清代的素胎即單色釉鳥食罐種類繁多，見于記載的有胭脂水、朱砂紅、蘋果綠、鵝蛋黃、雨過天青、松綠、霽紅、霽藍、月白、影青、藍鈞釉、紫鈞釉，等等，名目繁多。素胎中白釉鳥食罐亦不少，對此一說為單色釉中的一個品種，稱為元霄白;一說講究的人家家中如遇喪事或國喪之日，鳥籠中須換成白色的鳥食罐，否則即有不敬之嫌，故白釉鳥食罐又稱為“孝罐”。
[introduction to the collection]: bird food cans are the most exquisite in matching, including two cans, three cans, four cans or five cans. The South pays much attention to the small flower bottles used for decorative flower arrangement in bird cages (some places are also used for feeding. For example, tonghuafeng in Chengdu uses small vases to feed honey). Different bird cages are equipped with vases of different shapes and sizes, which are matched with food cans and water cans, which is extremely elegant. Some people have made statistics on the bird cages and small vases of the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 30 kinds of birds of all sizes and shapes. There are two kinds of bird food cans: plain embryo and flower embryo. Plain embryo is distinguished by glaze color. There are many kinds of plain embryo, i.e. monochrome glaze bird food cans in the Qing Dynasty. They are recorded in Rouge water, cinnabar red, apple green, goose egg yellow, sky green after rain, pine green, Ji red, Ji blue, moon white, shadow green, blue Jun glaze, purple Jun glaze, etc. There are also many white glazed bird food cans in plain embryo, which is said to be a variety of monochrome glaze, called yuanxiao white; If there is a funeral or national funeral in a fastidious family, the bird cage must be replaced with a white bird food pot, otherwise it is disrespectful. Therefore, the white glazed bird food pot is also called "filial piety pot".
花胎是清代鳥食罐的一大特色，除傳統的青花之外，又出現了五彩，斗彩、粉彩、墨彩、青花釉里紅、描金等新的裝飾手法。創作題材亦極為廣泛，舉凡歷史故事、神話傳說、山水人物、花鳥魚蟲、博古圖案、吉祥紋飾等均可入畫，常見的如花卉、魚藻、鳥禽、龍鳳、云幅、云鶴、靈芝、八寶、雜寶、瑞獸、嬰戲、仙佛、馬等紋飾。
Flower embryo is a major feature of bird food cans in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the traditional blue and white, there are new decorative techniques such as colorful, fighting color, pink, ink color, blue and white underglaze red, gold painting and so on. There are also a wide range of creative themes, including historical stories, myths and legends, landscape characters, flowers, birds, fish and insects, Bogu patterns, auspicious patterns, etc. common patterns such as flowers, fish algae, birds, dragons and phoenixes, cloud frames, cloud cranes, Ganoderma lucidum, eight treasures, miscellaneous treasures, auspicious animals, infant drama, immortal Buddha, horses, etc,
圖案大都包含種種美好的寓意。明清時我國裝飾圖案已發展到“圖必有意，意必吉樣”"的境地，充滿著中國文化的特殊韻味，如石榴象征多子，牡丹象征富貴，蝙蝠象征多福，靈芝象征長壽又象征如意，葡萄象征子孫繁衍，魚寓意年年有余，等等，在鳥食罐上均有反映。清代鳥食罐的最精彩之處在其畫工。
Most of the patterns contain all kinds of beautiful meanings. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, China's decorative patterns have developed to "the picture must be intentional and the meaning must be auspicious" "The situation is full of the special charm of Chinese culture. For example, pomegranate symbolizes many children, peony symbolizes wealth, bat symbolizes happiness, Ganoderma lucidum symbolizes longevity and wishful thinking, grape symbolizes offspring reproduction, fish symbolizes surplus every year, and so on, which are reflected in bird food cans. The most wonderful thing about bird food cans in the Qing Dynasty is their painting,
有的繪制工細，一絲不茍;有的抽象寫意，靈動飄逸。其中最貴重者一為名家繪制，如清末民初著名瓷畫大師王步(1898-1968年)，早年就曾在景德鎮畫鳥食罐為生，晚清瓷畫名家俞子明都曾參與鳥食罐的繪制。既為名家繪制，必精選器形好、胎質好的鳥食罐再施以手繪，故這類鳥食罐都有形態規整，釉質潤澤，畫工精美的特點，令人過目難忘。另一為主家定制之物，由主家出高價延聘名匠精心制作，作品須達到主家種種苛刻的要求，費工費時，在所不計，這樣的作品當然是百里挑一、千里挑一。鳥食罐為鳥籠配套之物，更為講究的還要求上面的圖案紋飾與禽鳥、鳥籠相互呼應配合。畫眉好打斗，屬武鳥，畫眉籠上就雕刻三國故事，再于鳥食缸上繪制三國故事場景，如三英戰呂布、千里走單騎、夜戰馬超等；靛頦文靜秀雅，歸于文鳥，靛頦缸即繪西廂、紅樓人物場景;繡眼活潑俏麗，文人多愛蓄養，則在繡眼籠和鳥食缸上雕刻、繪制反映文人趣味追求的琴棋書畫、五子登科、歲寒三友等。鳥、籠、缸相互呼應，共為一體，極大地增添了養鳥賞鳥的情趣和藝術性。遺憾的是，現在這樣又有韻味的老籠老缸，已經是少之又少了
Some drawings are meticulous and meticulous; Some are abstract and freehand, flexible and elegant. One of the most valuable paintings is by famous artists. For example, Wang Bu, a famous master of porcelain painting in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China (1898-1968), painted bird food cans in Jingdezhen in his early years, and Yu Ziming, a famous porcelain painter in the late Qing Dynasty, participated in the painting of bird food cans. Since it is drawn by famous artists, it is necessary to select bird food cans with good shape and good fetal quality, and then draw them by hand. Therefore, these bird food cans have the characteristics of regular shape, moist glaze and exquisite painting, which are unforgettable. On the other hand, the owner hires famous craftsmen at a high price to make the custom-made things for the owner. The works must meet the owner's harsh requirements, which takes time and labor. Of course, such works are one in a hundred or one in a thousand. The bird food jar is a supporting item for the bird cage. What's more, it requires that the patterns and decorations on it echo and cooperate with the birds and bird cage. The thrush likes fighting and belongs to a martial bird. The story of the Three Kingdoms is carved on the thrush cage, and then the story scenes of the three kingdoms are drawn on the bird food tank, such as three British war against Lv Bu, thousands of miles walking solo, night war with Ma Chao, etc; The indigo chin is quiet and elegant, which belongs to the literati bird. The indigo chin jar is the scene of figures in the west chamber and the red chamber; Embroidered eyes are lively and beautiful, and scholars love to keep them. They carve and draw piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, five sons to ascend the throne, three friends in the winter, etc. on embroidered eye cages and bird food tanks to reflect the interests of scholars. Birds, cages and VATS echo each other and form a whole, which greatly increases the interest and artistry of raising and watching birds. Unfortunately, there are few old cages and jars with such charm now
