【藏品名稱】：玉壁
[collection name]: Yubi
【藏品數(shù)量】：一塊
[collection quantity]: one piece
【藏品簡介】：《說文》所載：“璧，瑞玉，圜也。”《周禮》記有：“禮神者，必象其類，璧圓象天，琮八方象地。”玉璧，是中國古代玉器中最為常見且流傳最為久遠的器類之一。其存在幾乎貫穿整個古代玉器制作史，在近七千年的漫長歲月之中，玉璧見證了中國古代社會政治、經(jīng)濟、文化的演進。早在距今6000多年前的新石器時代良渚文化遺存中就有數(shù)量較多且制作較為精美的玉璧發(fā)現(xiàn)，其后綿延發(fā)展于殷商、兩周直至政治統(tǒng)一、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、玉文化繁榮的兩漢達到鼎盛。
[introduction to the collection]: it is recorded in Shuowen that "Bi, Rui jade and Yuan also." "Zhou Li" records: "those who worship God must be like their kind. Bi is round like heaven and Cong is square like earth." jade Bi is one of the most common and oldest jade categories in ancient China. Its existence almost runs through the whole history of ancient jade making. In the long years of nearly 7000 years, jade has witnessed the evolution of social politics, economy and culture in ancient China. As early as the Neolithic Liangzhu Cultural Relics more than 6000 years ago, a large number of exquisite jade pieces were found. Later, they continued to develop in the Yin and Shang Dynasties and two weeks until the political unity, economic development and the prosperity of jade culture reached their peak in the Han Dynasty.
漢代的玉璧主要用于禮儀、陪葬，有的玉璧也可用來裝飾墻壁或作為嵌飾裝點銅枕和帶鉤；一些較小的玉璧用作組玉佩的一部分供佩系，亦被稱作系璧。此期玉璧按形制可分為六式：一式 玉璧表面光素無紋，又稱素璧。二式 玉璧表面布滿一種紋飾，如蒲紋、谷紋、云紋、齒紋乳釘紋、列星紋以及各種鏤空紋飾。三式 多層紋飾玉璧 即在內(nèi)層簡單的谷紋或蒲紋之外，另有一層相互交纏、分布勻稱的圖案化獸面紋或鳳鳥紋，此外在兩種紋飾之間有飾以一組繩紋。四式 出廓璧 即在二式、三式玉璧的外緣輪廓處附設各種鏤空紋飾。鏤空紋飾的內(nèi)容主要有龍紋、螭紋以及“長樂”、“萬壽”、“長宜子孫”等吉祥文字。五式 雙聯(lián)璧 為兩形制相同的玉璧外切相連組成。六式 重環(huán)璧 即把玉璧透雕為大玉璧內(nèi)含小玉璧的重環(huán)狀。
In the Han Dynasty, jade bi was mainly used for rituals and funerals. Some jade Bi could also be used to decorate walls or as inlaid decorations, copper pillows and hooks; Some smaller jade Bi are used as part of the group jade pendant for the pendant system, also known as the tie Bi. Jade in this period can be divided into six types according to the shape and system: one type. The surface of jade is plain without grain, which is also called plain jade. The surface of the two style jade wall is covered with a kind of decoration, such as PU pattern, grain pattern, cloud pattern, tooth pattern, milk nail pattern, row star pattern and various hollow patterns. In addition to the simple grain pattern or PU pattern on the inner layer, there is another layer of intertwined and evenly distributed patterned animal face pattern or phoenix pattern. In addition, a group of rope patterns are decorated between the two patterns. The four style outline wall is attached with various hollow patterns at the outer edge of the two style and three style jade wall. The contents of the hollowed out patterns mainly include dragon patterns, dragon patterns, and auspicious characters such as "Changle", "Wanshou", "Changyi descendants". The five style double wall is composed of two jade walls with the same shape and system. The six style double ring wall is a double ring that carves the jade wall into a large jade wall and contains a small jade wall.
玉璧是一種圓板形、片狀、中部有孔的玉器，在古代，璧是一種重要玉器，使用年代之長、品種之多是其他玉器不能相比的。此漢代玉璧玉質細膩溫潤，光澤晶瑩。壁表面分成內(nèi)圈與外圈兩部分，整體呈現(xiàn)出連綿不斷的形象。整體構思莊重華麗，構思新穎、設計周密，雕工精湛，且寓意祥瑞。具有相當高的收藏價值。
Jade Bi is a round plate-shaped, sheet-shaped jade with holes in the middle. In ancient times, Bi is an important jade. It has been used for a long time and many varieties, which can not be compared with other jade. This Han Dynasty jade is delicate, warm and lustrous. The wall surface is divided into inner ring and outer ring, showing a continuous image as a whole. The overall design is solemn and gorgeous, novel, well-designed, exquisite carving and auspicious. It has quite high collection value.
玉璧多為帝王皇家達官貴人用玉，從用料、制作工藝、文化氣息上有著厚重深奧的內(nèi)涵。除了欣賞古人的琢玉技藝、品味玉中神韻飛揚的歷史文化內(nèi)涵以外，把玩一塊玉璧，就像品讀著年代久遠的歷史的傳奇，手中古玉演繹的人間故事隱約可觀，古意融融，人玉靈通，把玩者的心境是不可以用語言表述的。此玉璧保存較為完好，實屬珍藏。
Jade is mostly used by emperors, Royal dignitaries and dignitaries. It has profound connotation in terms of materials, manufacturing technology and cultural atmosphere. In addition to appreciating the jade carving skills of the ancients and tasting the historical and cultural connotation of the charm flying in jade, playing with a piece of jade is like reading a legend of ancient history. The human story deduced by the ancient jade in hand is vaguely considerable, the ancient meaning is harmonious, and the human jade is smart. The mood of the player can not be expressed in words. This jade is well preserved and is really a treasure.
