五彩瓷器是清代彩瓷中的名品，享有極高的聲譽(yù)，清朝五彩瓷器在康熙年間達(dá)到高峰，至雍正、乾隆朝五彩瓷燒造數(shù)量明顯下降，此兩朝更看重粉彩瓷器。據(jù)《陶雅》上說：“康熙硬彩，雍正軟彩。”又據(jù)《飲流齋說瓷》中解釋：“硬彩者彩色甚濃，釉付其上，微微凸起。軟彩者又名粉彩，彩色稍淡，有粉勻之也。”真正康熙時期的五彩瓷是相當(dāng)珍貴的，瑰麗多彩，品種繁多。雖然雍乾朝五彩瓷器數(shù)量下降，但品質(zhì)并沒有下降。
Multicolored porcelain is a famous color porcelain in the Qing Dynasty and enjoys a high reputation. The multicolored porcelain of the Qing Dynasty reached its peak in the Kangxi period, and the firing number of multicolored porcelain decreased significantly in the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, which paid more attention to pastel porcelain. According to Tao ya, "Kangxi hard color, Yongzheng soft color." According to the explanation in "yinliuzhai said porcelain": "the hard color is very thick, and the glaze is slightly raised on it. Soft color is also known as pastel. The color is slightly light and the powder is even. " The real colorful porcelain of Kangxi period is very precious, magnificent and colorful, with a wide variety. Although the number of colorful porcelain decreased in the Yong and Qian dynasties, the quality did not decline.
礬紅彩瓷器創(chuàng)燒于明嘉靖間，又名“鐵紅釉”，是一種低溫紅釉，色澤略顯橙紅，比高溫銅紅容易燒造，雖然呈色不及銅紅純正艷麗，但呈色穩(wěn)定。清藍(lán)浦《景德鎮(zhèn)陶錄》載：“礬紅釉，用青礬煉紅加鉛粉、廣膠合成。”
Alum red porcelain, also known as "iron red glaze", was created and burned in Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty. It is a low-temperature red glaze with a slightly orange color. It is easier to burn than high-temperature copper red. Although its color is not as pure and gorgeous as copper red, its color is stable. Qinglanpu's Jingdezhen pottery record contains: "alum red glaze is synthesized by refining red with green alum, adding lead powder and Guangjiao."
礬紅彩瓷器到清康熙時，有了很大的進(jìn)步，色澤艷麗，一般用于五彩、斗彩繪制紋飾或施于純色釉器。雍正、乾隆兩朝礬紅彩瓷器燒造數(shù)量不多，但現(xiàn)存世器物多為精品。
Alum red porcelain made great progress when it came to Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty. It has bright color. It is generally used for multicolored and doucai painting and decoration or for pure glaze ware. In the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, the firing quantity of alum red porcelain was small, but most of the existing artifacts are high-quality products.
此對“乾隆礬紅開窗粉彩山水雙耳扁瓶”，高34cm、口徑13*9.7cm、底足13.5*9.7cm。底部書“乾隆年制”雙行四字青花款識。外施礬紅釉，內(nèi)施松石綠釉，釉層滋潤，色澤溫雅。外壁描金并以礬紅繪花卉紋飾，壺心繪粉彩山水畫，高貴華麗，極富動感。紋飾清晰，布局簡潔，繪制精細(xì)，美艷奪目，加上描金線條，更顯富麗堂皇。具有極強(qiáng)的裝飾性與觀賞性！
This pair of "Qianlong alum red fenestrated pastel landscape double ear flat bottles" is 34cm high, 13 * 9.7cm in diameter and 13.5 * 9.7cm in bottom foot. At the bottom is the double line four character blue and white style of "made in the year of Qianlong". Alum red glaze is applied outside and turquoise green glaze is applied inside. The glaze layer is moist and the color is gentle. The outer wall is painted with gold and decorated with flowers in alum red, and the pot core is painted with pastel landscape painting, which is noble, gorgeous and dynamic. The decoration is clear, the layout is simple, the drawing is fine, beautiful and dazzling, and the gold lines make it more magnificent. It is highly decorative and ornamental!
釉上彩繪瓷歷史久遠(yuǎn)。北齊武平六年的范粹墓就曾出土過相當(dāng)精美的白彩綠彩器，而真正精細(xì)且又具有美感的彩器則要數(shù)清代康熙、雍正、乾隆三朝的五彩及粉彩器了。清代的色釉裝飾瓷器工藝在繼承明代制造工藝的基礎(chǔ)上得到很大的發(fā)展，工匠們已不滿足于傳統(tǒng)陶瓷單一的色釉裝飾，開始用純金加工提煉的金粉，在豆青、祭藍(lán)等顏色釉瓷器上描金加彩，進(jìn)行裝飾。
Glazed painted porcelain has a long history. In the sixth year of Wuping in the Northern Qi Dynasty, fan Cui's tomb once unearthed quite exquisite white and green colored objects, and the truly fine and aesthetic colored objects are the multicolored and pastel objects of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties in the Qing Dynasty. On the basis of inheriting the manufacturing process of the Ming Dynasty, the colored glaze decorative porcelain process in the Qing Dynasty has developed greatly. Craftsmen are no longer satisfied with the single colored glaze decoration of traditional ceramics. They began to use the gold powder processed and refined from pure gold to paint gold and color on the colored glaze porcelain such as bean green and sacrificial blue for decoration.
清代工匠們對于金彩的運(yùn)用，突破了明代單色地上描金的手法，達(dá)到了陶瓷裝飾更加金碧輝煌的藝術(shù)效果。清康熙朝，在彩瓷上大量施金色，以后的雍正、乾隆朝施金技法更加廣泛，直至道光朝除了白地粉彩器外，還在各種色地的開光粉彩上采用描金工藝。
The use of gold color by craftsmen in the Qing Dynasty broke through the technique of monochrome gold painting on the ground in the Ming Dynasty, and achieved a more brilliant artistic effect of ceramic decoration. In the Kangxi Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, a large number of gold was applied to colored porcelain. Later, the gold application techniques were more extensive in the Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties. Until the Daoguang Dynasty, in addition to the white ground pastels, the gold drawing process was also used on the open light pastels of various colors.
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