【藏品名稱】：鬼谷子下山青花大罐
[collection name]: Guiguzi downhill blue and white pot
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品簡介】：中國是瓷器的故鄉(xiāng)，瓷器是中國勞動人民的一個重要的創(chuàng)造。瓷器的發(fā)明是中華民族對世界文明的偉大貢獻，在英文中“瓷器（china）”與中國（China）同為一詞，足以證明瓷器在世界上所占重要性！其中，青花瓷作為陶瓷裝飾歷史上重要發(fā)明之一，創(chuàng)燒于元代，明朝時期盛行。
[collection introduction]: China is the hometown of porcelain, and porcelain is an important creation of the Chinese working people. The invention of porcelain is a great contribution of the Chinese nation to world civilization. In English, "China" is the same word as China, which is enough to prove the importance of porcelain in the world! Among them, blue and white porcelain, as one of the important inventions in the history of ceramic decoration, was created and burned in the Yuan Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty.
青花的紋飾最大特點是構(gòu)圖豐滿，層次多而不亂。筆法以一筆點劃多見，流暢有力；勾勒渲染則粗壯沉著。主題紋飾的題材有人物、動物、植物、詩文等。動物有龍鳳、麒麟、鴛鴦、游魚等。所畫龍紋為小頭、細頸、長身、三爪或四爪、背部出脊、鱗紋多為網(wǎng)格狀，矯健而兇猛。明朝時期青花瓷大改傳統(tǒng)瓷器含蓄內(nèi)斂風(fēng)格，以鮮明的視覺效果，給人以簡明的快感。以其大氣豪邁氣概和藝術(shù)原創(chuàng)精神，將青花繪畫藝術(shù)推向頂峰，確立了后世青花瓷的繁榮與長久不衰。
The biggest feature of blue and white decoration is that the composition is plump, with many levels without disorder. The strokes are more common with one stroke, smooth and powerful; Outline rendering is strong and calm. The themes of theme decoration include characters, animals, plants, poetry and so on. Animals include dragon and Phoenix, unicorn, mandarin duck, swimming fish, etc. The dragon patterns painted are small head, thin neck, long body, three or four claws, ridge on the back, and scale patterns are mostly grid shaped, vigorous and fierce. During the Ming Dynasty, blue and white porcelain greatly changed the implicit and restrained style of traditional porcelain, giving people a concise pleasure with distinctive visual effects. With its heroic spirit and original artistic spirit, it pushed the blue and white painting art to the peak and established the prosperity and long-term prosperity of blue and white porcelain in future generations.
此罐素底圈足，直口短頸，唇口稍厚，溜肩圓腹，肩以下漸廣，至腹部下漸收，至底微撇；器型整體為青花紋飾。
The pot has a plain bottom, a ring foot, a straight mouth, a short neck, a slightly thick lip, a smooth shoulder and a round abdomen, gradually extending below the shoulder, gradually retracting under the abdomen, and slightly skimming at the bottom; The whole type is decorated with blue and white patterns.
1、材料：由瓷土加高嶺土“二元配方”合成，胎骨較白，稍含灰，手感沉重，致密堅硬。
2、造型：直口短頸，溜肩圓腹，腹部下漸收，至底微撇，此采用分段制胎，然后再用胎泥粘合而成，粘接處器表突起，給人以不平之感，外壁接痕經(jīng)打磨，但內(nèi)壁接痕仍清晰可見，器物頸部內(nèi)側(cè)略加切削，內(nèi)壁均不修削，器內(nèi)的底、腹、口等處接痕明顯。
3、裝飾：青花紋飾，分四層，一層頸部飾水波紋，二層肩部飾纏枝牡丹，三層腹部為“鬼谷子下山”主題紋飾，四層下部為變形蓮瓣紋內(nèi)繪琛寶，俗稱“八大碼”。主題畫面描述了孫臏的師傅鬼谷子在齊國使節(jié)蘇代的再三請求下，下山搭救被燕國圍困的齊國名將孫臏和獨孤陳的故事。整個青花紋飾呈色濃艷，畫面飽滿，疏密有致，主次分明，渾然一體。人物刻畫流暢自然，神韻十足。
1. Materials: it is synthesized by "binary formula" of porcelain clay and kaolin. The fetal bone is white, slightly gray, heavy, dense and hard.2. Modeling: straight mouth and short neck, sliding shoulder and round abdomen, gradually retracting under the abdomen and slightly skimming to the bottom. This is made of segmented tire, and then bonded with tire mud. The surface of the bonding part is protruding, giving people a sense of unevenness. The connection mark of the outer wall is polished, but the connection mark of the inner wall is still clearly visible. The inner side of the neck of the utensil is slightly cut, the inner wall is not trimmed, and the connection mark of the bottom, abdomen and mouth in the utensil is obvious.3. Decoration: blue and white decoration is divided into four layers. The neck of the first layer is decorated with water ripple, the shoulder of the second layer is decorated with tangled peony, the abdomen of the third layer is decorated with the theme of "ghost millet going down the mountain", and the lower part of the fourth layer is painted with deformed lotus petal pattern, which is commonly known as "eight sizes". The theme picture describes the story of Guiguzi, Sun Bin's master, who went down the mountain to rescue the famous Qi generals Sun Bin and Dugu Chen besieged by the state of Yan at the repeated request of the state of Qi's envoy Su Dai. The whole blue and white patterns are colorful, the picture is full, dense, clear primary and secondary, and integrated. The characterization is smooth, natural and full of charm.
明朝時期青花的制作工藝與繪畫技法，無疑是世界頂尖，而在拍賣會上，明青花由于傳世稀少、制作精細、等特點，屢屢拍出天價，就在2005年，一件“鬼谷下山圖”瓷罐拍出了1568.8萬英鎊（大約相當于2.3億元人民幣）的天價。而此明代青花鬼谷子下山大罐，無論瓷胎質(zhì)地、青花發(fā)色都有不俗的表現(xiàn)，且所繪人物情節(jié)逼真?zhèn)魃瘢谥铺ァ⒗L畫、燒造等方面都達到了爐火純青的地步，其價值難以估量。
The production technology and painting techniques of blue and white in the Ming Dynasty are undoubtedly the top in the world. At the auction, the blue and white in the Ming Dynasty repeatedly sold at a sky high price due to the characteristics of rare inheritance, fine production and. Just in 2005, a porcelain pot of "ghost Valley down the mountain" sold at a sky high price of 15.688 million pounds (about 230 million yuan). This large pot of blue and white Guiguzi down the mountain in the Ming Dynasty has a good performance in terms of porcelain body texture and blue and white hair color, and the plot of the characters is lifelike and vivid. It has reached the level of perfection in tire making, painting and firing, and its value is inestimable.
明代制瓷，在我國制瓷史上，正處于一個承上啟下時期。這一時期的標志物，則是當時的青花瓷。它不僅是我國材料史的變革期，也是我國裝飾工藝的變革期，同時也是中國人一場審美意識、審美標準的變革。此鬼谷子下山大罐正是這一時期中的代表物件，它對于研究我國制瓷中的相關(guān)歷史信息及當時的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化、科技、民族政策、審美等提供了重要的實物依據(jù)。同時，《青花鬼谷子下山圖罐》作為明代制瓷中的一件大的陶瓷藝術(shù)品，在當時及今后都有著不可替代性。它不僅是我國，也是人類發(fā)展史上重要的精神財富。此外，隨著時間的推移，由于瓷器的易碎性，眼前這件完美無缺的藏品將越發(fā)顯得彌足珍貴！
Porcelain making in the Ming Dynasty is in a connecting period in the history of porcelain making in China. The symbol of this period is blue and white porcelain at that time. It is not only the transformation period of China's material history, but also the transformation period of China's decoration technology, but also a transformation of Chinese aesthetic consciousness and aesthetic standards. This Guiguzi downhill pot is a representative object in this period. It provides an important material basis for studying the relevant historical information in China's porcelain making and the politics, economy, culture, science and technology, national policy and aesthetics at that time. At the same time, as a large ceramic work of art in the Ming Dynasty, the pot of blue and white Guiguzi going down the mountain is irreplaceable at that time and in the future. It is not only China, but also an important spiritual wealth in the history of human development. In addition, with the passage of time, due to the fragility of porcelain, this perfect collection will become more and more precious!
