【藏品名稱】：釉里紅龍紋大罐
[collection name]: Glazed red dragon shaped jar
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品簡(jiǎn)介】：中國(guó)是瓷器的故鄉(xiāng)，瓷器是中國(guó)勞動(dòng)人民的一個(gè)重要的創(chuàng)造。瓷器的發(fā)明是中華民族對(duì)世界文明的偉大貢獻(xiàn)，在英文中“瓷器（china）”與中國(guó)（China）同為一詞，足以證明瓷器在世界上所占重要性！其中，釉里紅作為陶瓷裝飾歷史上重要發(fā)明之一，釉里紅瓷器創(chuàng)燒于元代，明朝時(shí)期盛行，釉里紅堆貼龍紋盤它為釉下銅紅彩繪、拔白、打板、堆帖而成，燒成難度大，氛圍特殊性強(qiáng)，應(yīng)該說(shuō)元明時(shí)期釉里紅瓷器是陶瓷史上的一次偉大創(chuàng)新。流傳至今的釉里紅瓷器也很少，可見(jiàn)它的歷史性、藝術(shù)性、珍貴性。釉里紅有“瓷中艷后”之稱。
[collection introduction]: China is the hometown of porcelain, and porcelain is an important creation of Chinese working people. The invention of porcelain is the great contribution of the Chinese nation to the world civilization. In English, "China" and "China" are the same word, which is enough to prove the importance of porcelain in the world! Among them, underglaze red is one of the important inventions in the history of ceramic decoration. Underglaze red porcelain was created and burned in the Yuan Dynasty and prevailed in the Ming Dynasty. It is made of underglaze copper red color painting, white drawing, plate making and paste stacking. It is difficult to burn and has a special atmosphere. It should be said that underglaze red porcelain in the yuan and Ming Dynasties is a great innovation in the history of ceramics. There are few underglaze red porcelain that have been handed down so far, which shows its historical, artistic and precious nature. Underglaze red is known as the "Empress of porcelain".
圖為明代釉里紅龍紋大罐，此器為多段接成，短頸豐肩，鼓腹?jié)u收底，廣底矮圈足沾釉，見(jiàn)旋紋，底足中間有支釘痕。通體施白釉，釉色白中閃紅。肩部和近底部飾大朵如意云紋，繪紅花花卉。這條紅龍以刻、繪結(jié)合的技法塑造，看上去凹凸有致，富有立體感。
The picture shows a large pot with red dragon pattern in the glaze of Ming Dynasty. It is made up of several sections. It has a short neck and shoulders. The belly of the drum gradually recedes to the bottom. It has a wide bottom and a short ring foot stained with glaze. The glaze is white and red. The shoulder and near bottom are decorated with large Ruyi cloud pattern and painted with red flowers. The red dragon is shaped by the combination of carving and painting. It looks concave and convex, full of three-dimensional feeling.
釉里紅是我國(guó)著名的彩瓷裝飾品種之一。創(chuàng)始于十三世紀(jì)元代晚期，盛于明代早期。它是用氧化銅為呈色劑，在坯體上直接描繪各種紋樣，然后施一層透明釉，入窯經(jīng)1300℃左右高溫還原焰燒制而成，在釉里透出紅色的紋樣，故稱“釉里紅”，又名“釉下紅”。由于釉里紅瓷器具有色彩華麗、紋飾優(yōu)美、氣氛熱烈等特點(diǎn)，從而形成獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。釉里紅的燒制成功，不僅是我國(guó)陶瓷裝飾技巧上一次歷史性的轉(zhuǎn)變，也成為我國(guó)最具民族特色的瓷器而享譽(yù)世界。
Underglaze red is one of the famous decorative varieties of colored porcelain in China. It was founded in the late Yuan Dynasty in the 13th century and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty. It is made of copper oxide as colorant, directly depicting various patterns on the green body, then applying a layer of transparent glaze, and firing in the kiln by high temperature reduction flame at about 1300 ℃. The patterns in the glaze show red, so it is called "underglaze red", also known as "underglaze red". As the underglaze red porcelain has the characteristics of gorgeous color, beautiful decoration and warm atmosphere, it forms a unique artistic style. The successful firing of underglaze red is not only a historic change in China's ceramic decoration skills, but also a world-famous porcelain with the most national characteristics.
根據(jù)各大拍賣行網(wǎng)絡(luò)在線查詢記錄顯示，2015年-2016年明代的釉里紅系列在線拍賣統(tǒng)計(jì)，在1年的時(shí)間內(nèi)，明代的青花釉里紅一共有198件拍品上拍，總瀏覽37456次，參與總?cè)舜芜_(dá)到660人，出價(jià)次數(shù)517次，成交最高的是明洪武釉里紅云龍紋雙龍耳瓶93,852,000RMB。引起藏界軒然大波。這說(shuō)明釉里紅有很大的收藏價(jià)值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)格。
According to the online query records of major auction houses, according to the online auction statistics of Ming Dynasty underglaze red series from 2015 to 2016, 198 pieces of blue and white underglaze red of Ming Dynasty were sold in one year, with a total of 37456 times of browsing, 660 participants and 517 times of bidding. The highest turnover was the Ming Hongwu underglaze red cloud dragon double dragon ear bottle of 93852000 RMB. It caused a stir in the Tibetan community. This shows that underglaze red has great collection value and economic price.
釉里紅發(fā)色比較純正、鮮明，釉色凝重艷麗。畫(huà)面構(gòu)圖簡(jiǎn)潔明快。尤以龍的描繪更是形象逼真，神采飛揚(yáng)、威武蒼勁，保持了明初瓷器自由豪放的藝術(shù)特色。這種器物把完美的造型和釉里紅的表現(xiàn)技法，統(tǒng)一在一個(gè)基調(diào)之中，在裝飾藝術(shù)上達(dá)到了釉里紅瓷器所能取得的最佳效果。釉里紅是元代江西景德鎮(zhèn)創(chuàng)燒的一種釉下彩繪。釉里紅的最大特點(diǎn)是燒制難度大，成品率極低，因此這種稀少的瓷器品種開(kāi)始不斷引起人們的注意，并以其卓然大氣的風(fēng)范，成為瓷器收藏中真正的貴族。
The underglaze red hair color is pure and bright, and the glaze color is dignified and gorgeous. The composition of the picture is simple and bright. In particular, the description of the dragon is vivid, high spirited, powerful and vigorous, maintaining the artistic characteristics of the porcelain in the early Ming Dynasty. This kind of utensil unifies the perfect shape and the expression technique of underglaze red in one tone, and achieves the best effect that underglaze red porcelain can achieve in decorative art. Underglaze red is a kind of underglaze painting created in Jingdezhen of Jiangxi Province in Yuan Dynasty. The biggest characteristic of underglaze red is that it is difficult to make and the rate of finished products is very low. Therefore, this rare porcelain variety began to attract people's attention and became a real aristocrat in porcelain collection with its outstanding atmosphere.
