俗話(huà)說(shuō)得好，文化無(wú)國(guó)界，自然收藏也是無(wú)國(guó)界的，我們歷史上有很多錢(qián)幣，而今天我們要說(shuō)的卻是日本的古錢(qián)幣-天保通寶。天保通寶雖為日本錢(qián)幣，但在我國(guó)也有發(fā)現(xiàn)。由于天保通寶形制獨(dú)特，當(dāng)初很多收藏者不知此錢(qián)歷史，有人認(rèn)為這是北齊文宣帝高洋天保(550—559)年間的鑄幣，也有人認(rèn)為這是后梁明帝蕭巋天保(562—584)年間的鑄幣，甚至還有人將之劃歸于中國(guó)本土鑄造的花錢(qián)類(lèi)別。直到上世紀(jì)90年代后，隨著日本古錢(qián)譜的流行，天保通寶的身份才逐漸被廣大收藏者知曉。
As the saying goes, culture has no borders, so does natural collection. There are many coins in our history, but today we are talking about the ancient Japanese coin Tianbao Tongbao. Although Tianbao Tongbao is a Japanese coin, it is also found in China. Due to the unique shape of Tianbao Tongbao, many collectors did not know the history of the coin. Some people thought it was the coin of Gaoyang Tianbao (550-559), Emperor Wenxuan of the Northern Qi Dynasty, others thought it was the coin of Xiaokui Tianbao (562-584), Emperor Ming of the Later Liang Dynasty, and some even classified it as the coin of China. It was not until the 1990s that the identity of Tianbao Tongbao was gradually known by the majority of collectors with the popularity of Japanese ancient coin notation.
按歷史文獻(xiàn)記載，天保通寶鑄造于日本仁孝天皇天保六年(1835)，當(dāng)年日本災(zāi)害頻發(fā)，糧食歉收致使全國(guó)發(fā)生災(zāi)荒，農(nóng)民起義風(fēng)起云涌。為維護(hù)封建統(tǒng)治，江戶(hù)幕府在首席老中(高級(jí)統(tǒng)領(lǐng))水野忠邦主持下實(shí)行改革，但不料改革失敗，為改變當(dāng)時(shí)金融混亂局面，江戶(hù)幕府鑄造了“天保通寶”新幣，天保通寶材質(zhì)優(yōu)良，最初40枚可兌換黃金一兩，但天保通寶價(jià)值之后卻隨著通貨膨脹、鑄量增多而不斷貶值，至1870年，天保通保鑄造量達(dá)到了48400余萬(wàn)枚，明治維新后，125枚天保通寶只能兌換一日元新幣。
According to historical records, Tianbao Tongbao was founded in 1835, the sixth year of emperor Renxiao's Tianbao reign. In that year, disasters occurred frequently in Japan, grain failure led to famine in the whole country and peasant uprising. In order to maintain the feudal rule, the Edo shogunate implemented the reform under the leadership of the chief Lao Zhong (senior commander) Tadao Mizuno. However, the reform failed. In order to change the financial chaos at that time, the Edo shogunate minted the new coin of "Tianbao Tongbao". Tianbao Tongbao was of good material. At first, 40 pieces of gold could be exchanged for one or two, but the value of Tianbao Tongbao continued to depreciate with inflation and the increase of casting amount, By 1870, the casting volume of Tianbao Tongbao had reached more than 484 million pieces. After the Meiji Restoration, 125 pieces of Tianbao Tongbao could only be exchanged for one yen.
日本《天保錢(qián)譜凡例》記載：“天保六年初鑄之天保通寶當(dāng)百錢(qián)，為細(xì)廓者。弘化四年繼鑄之天保當(dāng)百錢(qián)，為廓內(nèi)有埋物，成為廣廓，其痕跡可見(jiàn)者。”可見(jiàn)每個(gè)時(shí)間段鑄造的錢(qián)幣雖有細(xì)微區(qū)別，但總體而言形制雷同，長(zhǎng)寬約4.8×3.2厘米左右，中間皆有方孔，為象征日本祥瑞動(dòng)物烏龜?shù)臋E圓形形狀。正面上下為楷體“天保通寶”四字，背面穿孔上為“當(dāng)百”字樣，孔下為金工花押圖案，不同的花紋印記代表著各個(gè)鑄造地區(qū)。
Japan's "Tianbao coin Genealogy" records: "Tianbao Tongbao, which was cast at the beginning of the sixth year of Tianbao, should be a hundred coins. In the fourth year of Honghua, tianbaodang hundred coins were successively cast. There were buried objects in the outline, which became guangkuo, and its traces could be seen. " It can be seen that although the coins of each time period are slightly different, they are similar in shape, about 4.8 in length and width × About 3.2 cm, with square holes in the middle, is the oval shape of the tortoise, a symbol of auspicious animals in Japan. On the front, there are four characters of "Tianbao Tongbao" in regular script, on the back, there are the characters of "dangbai" and the patterns of metalworking Monogram under the holes. Different patterns represent different casting areas.
我國(guó)鑄造錢(qián)幣歷史悠久，朝鮮、安南、日本等周邊國(guó)家深受影響，天保通寶亦是日本先民吸收中國(guó)錢(qián)幣鑄造技術(shù)，植入本民族特點(diǎn)自行鑄造的貨幣之一，它不僅親歷了日本經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展史，同時(shí)也是中日文化交流與融合的重要憑證。
China has a long history of coin making, which is deeply influenced by Korea, Annan, Japan and other neighboring countries. Tianbao Tongbao is also one of the coins that Japanese ancestors absorbed Chinese coin making technology and implanted their own national characteristics. It not only witnessed the history of Japan's economic development, but also an important evidence of cultural exchange and integration between China and Japan.
此枚天保通寶當(dāng)百銅幣，為長(zhǎng)橢圓形銅錢(qián)，面穿上天保、下通寶，背穿上當(dāng)、羊押，其鑄工精湛，銅色溫潤(rùn)，形制規(guī)范，包漿熟舊。面略深而背稍淺，穿口干凈利落，符合時(shí)代特征。值得收藏！ 天保通寶：亦稱(chēng)“天保錢(qián)”、“當(dāng)百”。1835年（天保六年）以后江戶(hù)幕府鑄造的銅錢(qián)，1891年停止使用。古錢(qián)幣雖然經(jīng)歷無(wú)窮歲月的洗禮，品相或許受到影響，所以收集到精品古錢(qián)幣難度就非常大。也許是因?yàn)榇司壒剩瑢?dǎo)致如今一些古錢(qián)幣價(jià)值連城，甚至僅僅一兩枚古錢(qián)幣，便能換到市區(qū)一套房子。因?yàn)楣佩X(qián)幣收藏市場(chǎng)產(chǎn)生的驚人利益和不斷涌現(xiàn)的財(cái)富神話(huà)，吸引了許多“土豪”蜂擁而入，當(dāng)人們開(kāi)始意識(shí)到古錢(qián)幣的真正價(jià)值的時(shí)候，奈何市面上的古錢(qián)幣早早被人搜刮而去，目前古錢(qián)幣基本上都藏于博物館和個(gè)別大藏家手中。
This Tianbao Tongbao coin is a long oval copper coin, wearing Tianbao and Tongbao on the face, wearing it on the back, and holding it in sheep. Its casting work is exquisite, its copper color is warm and moist, its shape is standardized, and its pulp is ripe and old. The face is slightly deep and the back is slightly shallow, and the mouth is clean and tidy, conforming to the characteristics of the times. Worth collecting! Tianbao Tongbao: Also known as " Tianbao Money" and " Dangbai". Copper coins cast by the Edo shogunate after 1835 ( the sixth year of Tianbao ) ceased to be used in 1891. Although the ancient coins have experienced the baptism of endless years, their appearance may be affected, so it is very difficult to collect the fine ancient coins. Perhaps because of this, some ancient coins today are priceless, and even one or two old coins can be exchanged for a house in the downtown area. Because of the amazing interests and wealth myths emerging in the ancient coin collection market, many " local tyrants" flocked in. When people began to realize the real value of ancient coins, they were ransacked early. At present, the ancient coins are basically hidden in museums and individual collectors' hands.
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