【藏品名稱】：哥窯雙耳尊
[collection name]: Geyao double ear Zun
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品簡介】：清雍正朝的仿哥釉瓷器制作精良，既有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大、小紋片相結(jié)合的所謂“金絲鐵線”，也有單純的小紋片或大紋片。釉面色澤有粉青、米黃、灰青、灰綠等，并如宋代哥窯瓷釉一樣泛“酥油”光。開片中的“鐵線”較多，“金絲”較少。“鐵線”多呈黑色，或略顯藍色。開片紋路與宋代哥窯瓷器略有不同，不似宋哥釉開片在較小的區(qū)域內(nèi)仍有曲折變化的狀態(tài)。
[introduction to collection]: the imitation Ge glaze porcelains of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty are well made. There are not only the so-called "gold wire" combining the standard large and small pattern pieces, but also simple small pattern pieces or large pattern pieces. The glaze color is pink, beige, gray green, gray green and so on, and like GE kiln glaze in Song Dynasty, it is full of "butter" light. There are more "iron wire" and less "gold wire" in the opening film“ The "iron wire" is mostly black or slightly blue. The opening pattern is slightly different from that of Ge kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty, which is different from that of Ge kiln porcelain in Song Dynasty.
常見器形有抱月瓶、貫耳瓶、鋪首耳瓶、各式爐、各式尊、盤、碗及筆架、水盂、鎮(zhèn)紙、筆掭、各式筆洗等文房用具。器底多署雍正年款。雖然在雍正仿哥釉瓷器中已出現(xiàn)模仿鐵箍紋飾的器物，但這種紋飾在清道光以后的仿哥器中更為多見，且一般都屬仿雍正之作。聞名世界的宋代哥窯，最大的特點就是密麻而又均勻分布的自然裂紋——開片。她不像其他的窯和瓷器那么光滑平整，反而裂紋密密麻麻，快要裂開了一樣，人們仿佛幾乎能聽見她正在開裂的“嘶嘶”聲，正是她的這些精密難以模仿的自然裂紋，讓她比其他的窯、瓷更加優(yōu)美，更加出彩，更加珍貴。她就像一顆夜明珠，只能遠遠觀看她耀眼的光環(huán)，卻無法目睹她真實的風(fēng)采。
The common utensils are moon holding bottle, ear penetrating bottle, ear spreading bottle, all kinds of stove, all kinds of Zun, pan, bowl and penholder, water bowl, Paperweight, pen holder, all kinds of pen washing and other stationery utensils. The bottom of the vessel is Yongzheng model year. Although the imitation of iron hoop pattern has appeared in Yongzheng Fangge glaze porcelain, this kind of pattern is more common in Fangge ware after Daoguang period of Qing Dynasty, and generally belongs to the imitation of Yongzheng. Ge kiln of Song Dynasty, which is famous in the world, is characterized by its dense and evenly distributed natural cracks. She is not as smooth and smooth as other kilns and porcelains. On the contrary, cracks are dense and are about to crack. It seems that people can almost hear her cracking "hiss". It is her natural cracks that are hard to imitate that make her more beautiful, brilliant and precious than other kilns and porcelains. She is like a night pearl, can only see her dazzling halo from afar, but can not witness her true style.
哥窯，是文獻中記載的宋代五大名窯之一，但迄今未找到確切窯址的名窯。哥窯瓷器非常珍貴，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，全世界大約有一百多件，遠少于元青花的存世數(shù)量。國際拍賣市場上，近兩年每出現(xiàn)一件，一般成交價都在上百萬美元。現(xiàn)在古玩市場上出現(xiàn)的哥窯瓷器，95%以上都是現(xiàn)代仿品。
哥窯瓷器有四個特點：
哥窯釉屬無光釉、“金絲鐵線”的紋樣、“攢珠聚球”般的釉中氣泡、“紫口鐵足”的風(fēng)致。哥窯最大的特點，就是“金絲鐵線”的紋樣——開片，這是發(fā)生在釉面上的一種自然開裂現(xiàn)象，它是由于瓷器冷卻時，胎釉收縮率不同而造成的一種缺陷，后來人們掌握了開裂的規(guī)律，有意識地讓它產(chǎn)生開片，從而產(chǎn)生了一種獨特的美感。
宋代哥釉瓷釉質(zhì)瑩潤，通體釉面被粗深或者細淺的兩種紋線交織切割，術(shù)語叫作“冰裂紋”，俗稱“金絲鐵線”。但具有獨特的裝飾效果。哥窯以優(yōu)美的開片而聞名，有金絲鐵線之稱，其大開片中套小開片，大開片顏色發(fā)黑閃藍，稱鐵線，小開片顏色發(fā)金黃，稱金絲。
從清宮舊藏的傳世哥窯瓷來看，不完全具備紫口鐵足的特征。有的有紫口，無鐵足，有的有鐵足，無紫口。由于哥釉瓷細致、精美，以后各代對它都有仿造。特別是到了清代，還出現(xiàn)了一個仿哥釉瓷的高潮。到了清朝后期，哥釉明顯地不如清前期，顏色越來越深，開片越來越細碎，釉面甚至出現(xiàn)凹凸不平的疙瘩釉，胎質(zhì)也變得疏松。
Ge kiln is one of the five famous kilns of Song dynasty recorded in the literature, but the exact kiln site has not been found so far. Ge kiln porcelain is very precious. According to statistics, there are more than 100 pieces in the world, far less than the number of blue and white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty. In the international auction market, the general transaction price of each item in recent two years is more than one million US dollars. Now more than 95% of the Geyao porcelain in the antique market are modern imitations.Ge kiln porcelain has four characteristicsGeyao glaze belongs to matte glaze, the pattern of "gold wire and iron thread", the bubble in glaze like "accumulating beads and gathering balls", and the style of "Purple mouth and iron foot". The biggest feature of Ge kiln is the pattern of "gold wire and iron wire" - split, which is a natural cracking phenomenon on the glaze. It is a defect caused by the different shrinkage rate of the glaze when the porcelain is cooled. Later, people mastered the law of cracking and consciously let it split, thus creating a unique aesthetic feeling.The glaze of Ge porcelain in Song Dynasty is bright and lustrous, and the whole glaze is cut by thick and deep or thin lines. The term is "ice crack", commonly known as "gold wire and iron wire". But it has a unique decorative effect. Geyao is famous for its beautiful opening. It is known as gold wire and iron wire. Its large opening is covered with small opening. The color of large opening is black and blue, which is called iron wire. The color of small opening is golden yellow, which is called gold wire.Judging from the handed down Ge kiln porcelain in the old collection of Qing palace, it does not have the characteristics of purple mouth and iron foot. Some have purple mouth, no iron foot, some have iron foot, no purple mouth. Because of its delicacy and delicacy, GE's glazed porcelain has been imitated in later generations. Especially in the Qing Dynasty, there was a climax of imitation glaze porcelain. In the late Qing Dynasty, Ge glaze was obviously not as good as that in the early Qing Dynasty. The color of Ge glaze became darker and darker, the opening became more and more fine, the glaze even appeared uneven lumps, and the fetal texture became loose.
圖中雙耳尊正是清雍正朝的仿哥釉瓷器，工藝制作精良，既有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的大、小紋片相結(jié)合的所謂“金絲鐵線”，也有單純的小紋片或大紋片。釉面色澤有粉青、米黃、灰青、灰綠等，并如宋代哥窯瓷釉一樣泛“酥油”光。
The double eared Zun in the picture is the imitation Ge glaze porcelain of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty. It is well made. There are not only the so-called "gold wire and iron thread" combining the standard large and small patterns, but also simple small or large patterns. The glaze color is pink, beige, gray green, gray green and so on, and like GE kiln glaze in Song Dynasty, it is full of "butter" light.
