【藏品名稱】：乾隆通寶
[collection name]: Qianlong Tongbao
【藏品類別】：錢幣
Collection category: Coins
【藏品簡介】：雍正十三年（1735年），清高宗即位，改元乾隆。鑄行“乾隆通寶”，要求仍重一錢二分，該錢書法鑄工都比雍正時更為精美。最初清政府仍繼續執行通貨緊縮的政策。錢局較雍正時有所增減，首先在乾隆四年，停了寶河、寶鞏、寶濟三局，于乾隆五年時開寶福局，七年開寶桂局，十年開寶直局。乾隆朝以前的制錢不加錫，以銅、鉛、鋅配制，稱之為“黃錢”，在乾隆五年規定在鑄錢銅料之中加百分之二的錫，稱為“青錢”。官方說是為杜絕私錢，實則無異于減重。“乾隆四十年時，私鑄情況日盛，各省官員出現盜鑄，政府對此無計可施，加上云南銅產量逐年遞減，導致銅價飛漲，鑄錢成本也隨之水漲船高。清政府繼而又采取了通貨緊縮政策，先后停鑄了寶直、大理、廣西、臨安等局，同時鼓勵商人從海外進口銅材。但是這些措施未能從根本上解決問題，私鑄雖有所減少，但官錢不見增加，民間交易缺錢，就出現了使用古錢的現象。到了乾隆五十年后，又相繼開了寶直等局，同時放寬了鑄錢的標準，所以導致乾隆后期制錢的質量參差不齊，大不如初的情況。
In 1735, Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne and changed the Yuan Dynasty to Qianlong. The requirement of casting "Qianlong Tongbao" is still one coin and two cents, which is more exquisite than that of Yongzheng. At first, the Qing government continued to implement the policy of deflation. First, in the fourth year of Qianlong reign, Baohe, Baogong and Baoji bureaus were suspended. In the fifth year of Qianlong reign, Baofu Bureau was opened, Baogui Bureau was opened in the seventh year, and Baozhi Bureau was opened in the tenth year. Before the Qianlong Dynasty, there was no tin in the coin making process. It was made of copper, lead and zinc, which was called "yellow coin". In the fifth year of Qianlong, it was stipulated that two percent of tin should be added to the coin casting copper, which was called "green coin". Officials say it's to stop private money, but in fact it's weight loss“ In the 40th year of Qianlong reign, the situation of private casting became more and more prosperous, and the officials of various provinces had stolen the casting. The government had nothing to do about it. In addition, the copper production in Yunnan decreased year by year, which led to the soaring copper price and the rising cost of casting money. The Qing government then adopted the deflation policy, stopped casting Baozhi, Dali, Guangxi, Lin'an and other bureaus, and encouraged merchants to import copper materials from overseas. However, these measures failed to fundamentally solve the problem. Although private casting decreased, official money did not increase, and private transactions lacked money, so the phenomenon of using ancient money appeared. Fifty years after the reign of Emperor Qianlong, Baozhi and other bureaus were set up one after another. At the same time, the standard of coin casting was relaxed. As a result, the quality of coin making in the later period of Emperor Qianlong was uneven.
乾隆當政60年，除了新疆幾個錢局以外，陸陸續續共開設18個錢局（有的錢局設有“分公司”，這里就不說了），泉源武直陜，福桂云廣川，昌晉蘇浙黔，還有臺濟南。分別是寶泉局（戶部京局）、寶源局（戶部京局）、寶直局（直隸保定）、寶陜局（西安）、寶晉局（太原）、寶黔局（貴陽）、寶蘇局（蘇州）、寶浙局（浙江）、寶桂局（桂林）、寶川局（成都）、寶福局（福州）、寶臺局（臺灣，福建代鑄）、寶昌局（南昌）、寶廣局（廣州）、寶云局（云南）、寶濟局（濟南）、寶武局（武昌）、寶南局（長沙）。
During the 60 years of Qianlong's reign, in addition to several money bureaus in Xinjiang, 18 money bureaus were set up one after another (some money bureaus had "branch companies", not to mention here), springs came from Wuzhishan, Fugui, yunguangchuan, Changjin, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Guizhou, as well as Taiji and Jinan. They are Baoquan Bureau (Hubu Beijing Bureau), Baoyuan Bureau (Hubu Beijing Bureau), Baozhi Bureau (Zhili Baoding Bureau), Baoshan Bureau (Xi'an Bureau), Baojin Bureau (Taiyuan Bureau), Baoqian Bureau (Guiyang Bureau), Baosu Bureau (Suzhou Bureau), baozhe Bureau (Zhejiang Bureau), Baogui Bureau (Guilin Bureau), Baochuan Bureau (Chengdu Bureau), Baofu Bureau (Fuzhou Bureau), Baotai Bureau (Taiwan, Fujian foundry) Baochang Bureau (Nanchang), Baoguang Bureau (Guangzhou), Baoyun Bureau (Yunnan), Baoji Bureau (Jinan), Baowu Bureau (Wuchang), Baonan Bureau (Changsha).
清高宗乾隆皇帝于公元1735年即位，在位的60年里施展其“文治武功”的治國策略，創造了封建社會里最后一個輝煌盛世，之后民間便盛傳佩帶“乾隆通寶”銅錢可驅災辟邪，又因乾隆二字諧音“錢隆”而備受后世藏家所喜愛。所謂母錢，就是古時翻鑄大量錢幣時，中央和地方財政所制作的標準 樣板錢。銅塊或錫、鉛塊直接雕刻成錢模，鑄錢時用祖錢作模，翻鑄母錢。這些母錢頒發到各地，各地則用母錢制范鑄幣。母錢錢的雕制是很精良的，如今所見雕母都是金黃色的銅制，是質地優良的銅材。銅雕母的錢文很精美，字口深竣。雕母錢不見刀痕跡象，比同版流通的錢稍大些、厚重些。雕母錢被制成錢模后取走，工匠用熔化了的銅液澆鑄在錢模上，待鑄幣冷卻后開模，取出鑄幣加工打磨光潔即成。乾隆通寶”當時發行時間較長，乾隆的雕母和母錢因流傳數量極少，現在以是收藏家們青睞的對象，具有很高的收藏價值。
Emperor Qianlong of Gaozong of Qing Dynasty ascended the throne in 1735 ad. during his 60 years in office, he used his strategy of "cultural and martial arts" to create the last glorious and prosperous age in feudal society. Later, it was widely spread among the people that wearing "Qianlong Tongbao" copper coins could drive away disasters and ward off evil spirits, and was loved by later collectors because of the homonym of "Qianlong". The so-called mother money is the standard model money produced by the central and local finance when a large number of coins were cast in ancient times. Copper or tin or lead blocks are directly carved into money molds. When casting money, ancestral money is used as molds and mother money is turned over. These mother coins were distributed to various places, and they were used to make model coins. The carving of mother money is very good. Today, the carving mother is made of golden copper, which is of good quality. The inscriptions of the bronze carving mother are very exquisite, and the words are deep. There is no sign of knife marks on the Carved Mother's money, which is slightly larger and heavier than the money circulating in the same edition. The Carved Mother's money was made into a coin mould and then taken away. The craftsman poured molten copper into the coin mould. After the coin cooled, the mould was opened and the coin was taken out for polishing. "Qianlong Tongbao" was issued for a long time at that time. Qianlong's Carved Mother and mother money are very few in number, so they are now favored by collectors and have high collection value.
