崇寧通寶是北宋徽宗趙佶崇寧年間(1102-1106年)始鑄，年號(hào)錢。有崇寧通寶、崇寧重寶和崇寧元寶三種。 崇寧通寶當(dāng)十型，錢文為徽宗親書(shū)，所以又其為御書(shū)錢。該錢文書(shū)法清秀骨瘦，鐵劃銀鉤，是徽宗趙佶瘦金書(shū)體存留世間的真實(shí)顯現(xiàn)。宋徽宗更因鑄錢精絕，當(dāng)時(shí)官造成色在96%-96.7%，高于崇寧重寶、崇寧元寶，而與王莽并稱“錢法二圣”，是現(xiàn)在青銅錢中價(jià)值最高的兩種錢幣之一。
Chongning Tongbao was first cast in the Chongning period (1102-1106) of Zhao You, Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are three kinds of treasures: Chongning Tongbao, Chongning Chongbao and Chongning Yuanbao. Chongning Tongbao Dang type 10, Qian Wen is Huizong's relative book, so it is imperial book money. The Qian's handwriting is delicate and thin, with a silver hook drawn by iron. It is the true manifestation of Zhao You's thin gold style of Huizong that remains in the world. Huizong of Song Dynasty had excellent coinage. At that time, the official color was 96%-96.7%. It was higher than Chongning Chongbao and Chongning Yuanbao. He was also called "the two saints of money law" with Wang Mang, and was one of the two most valuable coins in bronze coins.
該錢體厚重，青銅質(zhì)，銹色古舊，開(kāi)門的老生坑。之所以謂之大字版，是因此品錢文四字飽滿，寄廓接緣。“寶、寧”二字冠點(diǎn)長(zhǎng)且向左傾；長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)“崇”，斜丁“寧”，高走“通”等，與被公認(rèn)的各譜均載的大字“崇寧通寶”雷同。除錢徑略小外，輪廓寬窄、 穿孔大小、成色亦基本一致。
The money is thick, bronze, rusty and old, open the old pit. The reason why it is called the big-character version is that the four characters of Qian Wen are full and close to each other. "Bao, Ning" has a long and left-leaning crown, while "Chong", "Ning" and "Tong" are the same as "Chong Ning Tong Bao", which is widely recognized as the word of "Chong Ning Tong Bao". In addition to a slightly smaller diameter of money, the outline is narrow, the size of perforation, and the color is basically the same.
在制煉工藝上，“膽水冶銅”正式成為一種實(shí)用性生產(chǎn)銅的方法。崇寧二年(公元1103年)時(shí)，全國(guó)膽銅總產(chǎn)量達(dá)到了1874427斤，約占當(dāng)時(shí)銅產(chǎn)量的12%。而在趙宋王朝偏安江南以后，所領(lǐng)江南14州的銅產(chǎn)量銳減，而乾道年間膽銅產(chǎn)量仍有21萬(wàn)斤，竟占到南宋當(dāng)年銅總產(chǎn)量的80%。所以宋代的人對(duì)膽銅生產(chǎn)非常重視，南宋人張甲曾專門寫了一部書(shū)《浸銅要略》，記載了當(dāng)時(shí)膽銅的生產(chǎn)情況。關(guān)于浸取膽銅的具體操作，《宋史·食貨志》有記載：把生鐵打成薄片，排放在貯有膽水的槽中，浸漬幾天，然后刮取析出的泥狀銅(稱作“赤煤”)，入煉爐化煉。當(dāng)時(shí)的效益，大約每用鐵二斤四兩可得銅一斤，技術(shù)水平是相當(dāng)高的。此外，那時(shí)還有利用膽土煎銅的“淋銅法”，基本原理與“膽水法”是相同的，此法“工多利少”，但“其土無(wú)窮，若比之礦銅，其利已厚”，所以也被普遍利用過(guò)。
In the smelting process, "bile water smelting copper" has formally become a practical method of copper production. In the second year of Chongning (1103 A.D.), the total output of bile copper reached 1874427 kg, accounting for about 12% of the copper output at that time. After the Song Dynasty, the copper output of 14 states in the south of the Yangtze River declined sharply, while the output of bile copper in Qiandao was still 210,000 jin, which accounted for 80% of the total copper output in the Southern Song Dynasty. So people in the Song Dynasty attached great importance to the production of gallbladder copper. Zhang Jia of the Southern Song Dynasty wrote a Book "Brief Introduction to Copper Immersion", which recorded the production of gallbladder copper at that time. As for the specific operation of leaching gallbladder copper, Song Shi Die Goods Records recorded that pig iron was sliced and discharged into a tank containing gallbladder water, soaked for several days, and then scraped out muddy copper (called "red coal") and smelted in a smelting furnace. At that time, about one kilogram of copper could be obtained for every two kilograms of iron, and the technical level was quite high. In addition, at that time, there was also the "leaching copper method" of decocting copper with gallbladder earth. The basic principle was the same as the "gallbladder water method". This method was "more work and less profit", but "its soil is infinite, if it is thicker than copper ore, its benefit is already thick", so it was also widely used.
宋代作為中華民族歷史上冶煉制作工藝高度發(fā)達(dá)時(shí)期，錢幣鑄造工藝精湛。其中，崇寧通寶為最！崇寧通寶存世量稀少。據(jù)我們目前所能見(jiàn)者，有泉家評(píng)：“范各一體，體各一態(tài)，或如美女簪花，自然窈窕，或如天孫織錦，文采斑斕。”無(wú)論是錢文書(shū)法的考究，還是鑄造的精整都為上乘，堪稱為藝術(shù)品。
The Song Dynasty was a highly developed period of smelting and manufacturing technology in the history of the Chinese nation, with exquisite coin casting technology. Among them, Chongning Tongbao is the most!Chongning Tongbao is rare in the world. According to what we can see at present, Quanjia commented, "Fan is one and all in one, or beautiful hairpin flowers, natural graceful, or like Tiansun Brocade, with beautiful literary style." Whether it is the exquisite writing of money or the fineness of casting, it is a fine work of art.
