和田玉，"中國四大名玉"之一(其三為陜西藍田玉、遼寧岫玉和河南獨山玉)。傳統狹義范疇特指新疆和田地區出產的玉石，以和田"子料"為代表聞名于世;廣義的和田玉指軟玉(真玉)。和田玉雖然因新疆和田而命名，但其本身不是地域概念，并非特指新疆和田地區出產的玉，而是一類產品的名稱。中國把透閃石成份占98%以上的石頭都命名為和田玉，都在國標范圍內。
Hetian jade is one of the four famous jade in China (the third is Lantian jade in Shaanxi, Xiuyu in Liaoning and Dushan jade in Henan). The traditional narrow sense category refers to the jade produced in Hotan area of Xinjiang, which is famous for its "ziliao"; Hetian jade in a broad sense refers to nephrite (genuine jade). Although Hetian jade is named after Hetian of Xinjiang, it is not a regional concept in itself. It does not refer to the jade produced in Hetian of Xinjiang, but the name of a kind of product. In China, the stones with more than 98% tremolite are all named Hetian jade, which is within the scope of national standard.
秦始皇統一中國的時候，和田玉因產于昆侖山被稱為"昆山之玉"，以后又因位于"于闐國"境內而被稱為"于闐玉"。直到清光緒九年(1883年)設立和田直隸州時，才被正式命名為"和田玉"。
When Qin Shihuang unified China, Hetian jade was called "Kunshan jade" because it was produced in Kunlun Mountain, and later it was called "Khotan jade" because it was located in "Khotan state". It was not until the establishment of Hetian Zhili Prefecture in 1883 that it was officially named Hetian Yu.
和田玉中的名品，是珍藏于陜西歷史博物館的西漢國寶級文物"皇后之璽"，其質地為新疆和田羊脂玉，是迄今唯一的漢代皇后玉璽，為首批禁止出國(境)展覽文物 。2008年北京奧運會會徽徽寶"中國印"，也是采用新疆和田玉作為材料。
Hetian Yuzhong's famous product is a national treasure of the Western Han Dynasty "empress's seal" collected in the Shaanxi History Museum. Its texture is Xinjiang Hetian Yangzhi jade. It is the only empress's seal of the Han Dynasty so far, and is one of the first batch of cultural relics that are forbidden to go abroad for exhibition. The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games emblem "China seal" is also made of Xinjiang Hetian jade.
此件清代和田玉白玉掛件溫潤滋澤，擁有兩百多年歷史了，具有油脂光澤，給人以滋潤柔和之感，有適中的透明度，水頭好，為微透明，琢成的玉件顯得水靈，有生氣，且雜質極少，達到無瑕的程度，而且里外一致，是古人所謂的"瑕不掩瑜，瑜不掩瑕"，或"鰓理自外，可以知中"。
This white jade pendant of Hetian jade in Qing Dynasty has a history of more than 200 years. It has a greasy luster and gives people a feeling of moistening and softness. It has moderate transparency and good water head. It is slightly transparent. The carved jade looks watery, lively and has few impurities, reaching the level of flawless. It is consistent inside and outside. It is the so-called "flaw does not hide the jade, and the jade does not hide the flaw", Or "gill from the outside, you can know the middle".
和田玉另一特點是有璞玉，古人對璞玉非常重視，明代科學家宋應星說:"凡璞藏玉，其外皮曰玉皮，取之為硯托之類，價值無幾，璞中之玉，有縱橫尺余無瑕玷者，古帝王取以為璽，所謂連城之璧，也不易得，其縱橫五六寸無瑕玷者，治以杯，此已當之重寶也，"和田玉璞玉的外皮，按特點可分為色皮、糖皮、石皮三類，色皮是玉的外皮有一層黃褐色或褐色很薄的皮(厚約1毫米)，為氧化所致，從皮色可看出玉的質量，如秋梨子、虎皮子、鹿皮子等，常為上等白玉，糖玉的外皮較厚，如紅糖色，且末玉礦常有此類玉。
Another characteristic of Hetian jade is that it has Pu jade. The ancients attached great importance to Pu jade. Song Yingxing, a scientist in the Ming Dynasty, said: "the outer skin of Pu jade is called Jade skin, and it is of little value to take it as inkstone. The jade in Pu jade has more than five or six inches in length and width, and the ancient emperors took it as seal. The so-called Bi of Liancheng is not easy to get. If it is five or six inches in length and width, it is a great treasure to treat it with a cup, "The outer skin of Hetian jade can be divided into color skin, sugar skin and stone skin according to its characteristics. The color skin is the outer skin of jade, which has a layer of yellowish brown or very thin brown skin (about 1 mm thick), which is caused by oxidation. The quality of jade can be seen from the skin color, such as Qiuli, Hupi, Lupi, etc., which are often superior white jade. The outer skin of sugar jade is thicker, such as brown sugar, which is often found in Qiemo jade mine.
崇尚和田玉的風氣在清代達到頂峰，尤以乾隆為甚，其命人雕琢的"大禹治水圖玉山"，是中國玉器中用料最多、器型最大、路途最遙遠、耗時最久、費用最高的玉雕工藝品，也是世界上最大的玉雕之一 。乾隆揮斥巨資從距北京萬里之外的新疆采集重達萬斤的巨型玉材，不吝人力、財力歷時三年才將其運至內地，在揚州召集各路能工巧耗時7年終于雕刻完工。"大禹治水圖"玉山，從開采到最后全部完工，歷經十余年，所用的工時和造價，已無精確的資料可據，但粗略估算，至少數十萬人工，耗白銀更是不計其數。
The fashion of advocating Hetian jade reached its peak in the Qing Dynasty, especially in Qianlong period. The "great Yu's water control map of Yushan" carved by Qianlong was one of the largest jade carving crafts in the world, which used the most materials, had the largest shape, had the longest journey, and cost the most. Qianlong spent a lot of money to collect huge jade materials from Xinjiang, which is thousands of miles away from Beijing. He spared no effort in manpower and financial resources to transport them to the mainland. It took him three years to gather all kinds of craftsmen in Yangzhou. It took him seven years to complete the carving“ From the mining to the final completion of Yushan, there is no accurate data for the man hour and cost. However, it is roughly estimated that at least hundreds of thousands of manpower and silver are consumed.
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