從古至今，瓷器在中國一直占據(jù)一個重要的地位，瓷器品種豐富，詳細分類可達數(shù)十種，粉彩是其中的一大類，其位列于中國四大名瓷之一，是唯一可以與青花相媲美的彩瓷。由于粉彩瓷器色彩柔和，瓷畫精細優(yōu)美，因此深受國人的喜愛。目前文物市場上明清兩朝彩瓷較多，粉彩尤其突出。近年來粉彩價格在拍賣會久居不下，可見粉彩瓷器不僅有重要的藝術(shù)價值，同時也有很高的經(jīng)濟價值。可是近些年來，大量的粉彩瓷器贗品充斥市場，如何辨別真?zhèn)危鞘詹氐闹匾Ｕ稀?/p>
Since ancient times, China has always occupied an important position in China. China has a rich variety and can be classified into dozens in detail. Pink is one of the major categories. It is one of the four famous porcelain in China, and the only one that can be compared with blue and white. Because of the soft color of pink porcelain and fine and beautiful porcelain painting, it is loved by the Chinese people. At present, there are many color porcelain in the cultural relics market in Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially the pink color. In recent years, the price of pink color has been in the auction for a long time. It can be seen that the porcelain has not only important artistic value, but also high economic value. But in recent years, a large number of fake powder porcelain products are filled with the market. How to distinguish the authenticity is an important guarantee for collection.
清雍正朝，粉彩進入盛期。雍正粉彩在康熙粉彩的基礎(chǔ)上有很大發(fā)展，無論造型、彩繪技法還是紋飾，都達到空前的高度，堪稱粉彩瓷器的代表作。官、民窯同時大量生產(chǎn)，精細的官窯制品可與琺瑯彩比美。之所以取得這樣的成就，首先是它的地釉質(zhì)量好，無論白度還是透明度都超過了明代永樂的白釉，經(jīng)測定，雍正粉彩盤的瓷胎白度達到77.5%。陶瓷史家陳萬里先生說過：“雍正白釉之進一步提高，合于釉上施加軟彩的要求，因而收到相互為用、相得益彰的效果。”雍正粉彩的彩料配制技術(shù)也較高，琺瑯彩在燒彩前與燒彩后呈色大致相同，而粉彩顏料則不同，除在紅、黑二色外，其他顏色在燒之前無法區(qū)別，顏料配制后必須進行試燒，合乎要求后才能正式彩繪，經(jīng)低溫彩燒后，色彩微微凸出釉面，彩面具有晶瑩的光澤，有的粉彩紋飾的邊際還顯現(xiàn)出彩虹般的光暈。粉彩的繪畫技法多樣，官窯更為考究，有平涂、渲染、沒骨、洗、皴、點等，工筆、寫意俱全，富有中國畫的筆韻。所繪紋飾以花鳥草蟲為主。人物故事畫多為室內(nèi)景觀，人物線條柔和，仕女體態(tài)修長，面目嬌美，多襯以幾案、繡墩、博古架等室內(nèi)陳設(shè)。畫面都留有一定的空白，顯示出深遠和層次感。還有氣勢雄偉的山水畫，筆法勁健，設(shè)色較為淺淡。雍正民窯粉彩的花卉、花鳥紋飾粗獷，人物畫中善繪刀馬人物或戲劇故事中的情節(jié)，色彩凝厚濃艷，胎體厚重，琢器的外底部多為砂底。
In the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, pastel painting entered its heyday. Yongzheng famille rose has a great development on the basis of Kangxi famille rose, no matter the modeling, painting techniques or decorative patterns, have reached an unprecedented height, can be called the representative work of famille rose porcelain. The fine official kiln products can be compared with enamel. The first reason for this achievement is that its ground glaze is of good quality. Its whiteness and transparency are higher than those of Yongle glaze in Ming Dynasty. The whiteness of Yongzheng pastel plate is 77.5%. Mr. Chen Wanli, a ceramic historian, said: "the further improvement of Yongzheng white glaze is in line with the requirement of applying soft color on glaze, so it has received the effect of mutual use and complement each other." Yongzheng pastel also has a high technology of color preparation. The color of enamel before and after firing is almost the same, but the color of pastel pigment is different. Except for red and black, other colors can not be distinguished before firing. After the pigment preparation, it must be burned to meet the requirements before formal painting. After low temperature firing, the color slightly protrudes from the glaze, and the color surface has a crystal luster, The edge of some pastel patterns also shows rainbow like halo. The painting techniques of famille rose are various, and the official kilns are more exquisite, including flat painting, rendering, boneless painting, washing, texturing, dot painting, etc. The painted patterns are mainly flowers, birds, grass and insects. Most of the figure story paintings are interior landscapes, with soft lines, slender ladies and delicate faces, which are often lined with interior furnishings such as several cases, embroidered mounds and Bogu frames. There is a certain blank in the pictures, showing a profound and hierarchical sense. There are also majestic landscape paintings with strong strokes and light colors. The patterns of flowers, flowers and birds in Yongzheng folk kilns are rough. In figure paintings, they are good at drawing characters of swords and horses or plots in drama stories. The colors are thick and colorful, and the carcass is thick. The outer bottom of the carving tools is mostly sand bottom.
雍正粉彩在我國陶瓷發(fā)展史上占有重要的歷史地位，素以精巧細膩著稱于世，顏色具有鮮而雅，粉而柔的特點。雍正粉彩可以說是清代粉彩瓷器工藝最好的品種，粉彩做為中國瓷器釉上彩繪的一種獨特裝飾方法，它在色料中摻以鉛粉并加施玻璃白。
Yongzheng famille rose occupies an important historical position in the development history of China's ceramics. It is famous for its delicacy and delicacy. Yongzheng famille rose can be said to be the best variety of Qing Dynasty famille rose porcelain. Famille rose is a unique decoration method of Chinese porcelain glaze painting. It is mixed with lead powder and added with glass white.
有意減弱色彩的濃艷程度，用分水淡洗法涂飾花紋的層次，在彩繪上改變了五彩那種單線平涂的生硬色調(diào)，充分吸收了中國繪畫的表現(xiàn)方法，運用各種豐富的彩料，使畫面風(fēng)格近于寫實。是唯一可以跟青花瓷媲美的瓷器釉色。到了雍正時期粉彩在燒制、胎釉、彩繪方面得以空前發(fā)展,成為釉上彩的主流。
By deliberately reducing the intensity of colors, we use the method of water separation and light washing to paint the layers of patterns, which changes the rigid tone of single line flat painting of five colors, fully absorbs the expression methods of Chinese painting, and uses various rich color materials to make the picture style close to realism. It is the only glaze color that can be compared with blue and white porcelain. In Yongzheng period, pastel developed unprecedentedly in firing, glaze and painting, and became the mainstream of overglaze color.
此清雍正年制白釉地粉彩十二生肖圖與詩文球瓶 ，大清雍正時期設(shè)計制作粉彩12生肖圖詩文小型’球瓶（12只），高11.7㎝，口徑2.5㎝，底徑3.2㎝，腹寬6.5㎝。球瓶設(shè)計繪畫精美獨特，官窯彩繪生肖小動物栩栩如生。詩句反映了屬性特征。分別配詩屬性球瓶，小巧精致，市場稀有，極具收藏、欣賞價值，是修養(yǎng)、把玩之佳品！此藏品長期傳承、保存至今非常不易！
This picture of twelve zodiac animals and poem ball vase made in Yongzheng year of Qing Dynasty ， During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, 12 "miniature" ball bottles (12 pieces) were designed and made, with a height of 11.7 cm, a diameter of 2.5 cm, a bottom diameter of 3.2 cm and a belly width of 6.5 cm. The design and painting of the ball bottle are exquisite and unique, and the painted zodiac animals in the official kiln are lifelike. The poem reflects the attribute characteristics. It is small and exquisite, rare in the market, and of great collection and appreciation value. It is a good product for cultivation and playing! This collection has been handed down and preserved for a long time!
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