【藏品名稱】：咸豐通寶
[collection name]: Xianfeng Tongbao
【藏品類別】：錢幣
Collection category: Coins
【藏品簡介】：咸豐通寶為清代錢幣之一，清文宗咸豐年間（1851年-1861年）鑄造。咸豐通寶錢，背文滿文各寶局名，尤以“寶臺”局“阿克蘇”局“寶通”局所鑄為稀少，極為珍貴。咸豐年間因政治腐敗，經(jīng)濟(jì)危困，咸豐通寶鑄行未久即收到各種重寶、元寶大錢沖擊，通寶錢遂嚴(yán)重貶值，鑄幣量下降；全國27局所鑄的小平錢，材質(zhì)、大小及文字各不相同，此枚精良者罕見。
[introduction to collection]: Xianfeng Tongbao is one of the coins of Qing Dynasty. It was made during the reign of emperor Wenzong of Qing Dynasty (1851-1861). Xianfeng Tongbao coin, written in Manchu on its back, is rare and precious, especially made by Baotai Bureau, Aksu Bureau and Baotong Bureau. In Xianfeng Period, because of political corruption and economic crisis, Xianfeng Tongbao foundry received the impact of all kinds of heavy treasure and Yuanbao money not long ago; The Xiaoping coin made by the 27th Bureau of the whole country has different materials, sizes and characters. This fine coin is rare.
中文名 咸豐通寶
外文名
Hsien fung tung pao
直徑
2.2～2.8cm
重
2.4～4.2g
鑄造時(shí)間
1851-1861
Chinese Name: Xianfeng TongbaoForeign nameHsien fung tung paodiameter2.2～2.8cmheavy2.4～4.2gCasting time1851-1861
歷史
咸豐元年首先準(zhǔn)備開鑄“咸豐通寶”制錢。由于鴉片戰(zhàn)爭、列強(qiáng)的掠奪和太平天國革命運(yùn)動的發(fā)生，錢局鑄造制錢已很難正常進(jìn)行，很多省錢局實(shí)際上處于停頓狀態(tài)，即使開鑄，也是偷工減料 。因而造成咸豐通寶制錢精好者少 。咸豐元年時(shí)，規(guī)定錢重一錢二分，至第二年，變?yōu)橐诲X，但具體鑄行大多輕于規(guī)定重量。
historyIn the first year of Xianfeng, Xianfeng Tongbao was first prepared to make money. Due to the Opium War, the plunder of the great powers and the Taiping Revolution, it was difficult for the money bureau to make money normally. Many money saving bureaus were actually in a standstill. Even if they started casting, they were cutting corners. As a result, Xianfeng Tongbao is less proficient in money making. In the first year of Xianfeng, it was stipulated that the weight of money should be one cent and two cents. In the second year, it became one cent, but the specific casting line was mostly lighter than the specified weight.
貨幣背景
在太平軍連捷，各地反清起義風(fēng)起云涌下，清軍疲于奔命，清廷驚慌失措。這時(shí)，清朝的軍費(fèi)開支大增，而稅額收入大減，再加上鴉片戰(zhàn)爭的影響，導(dǎo)致財(cái)政拮據(jù)，為了籌款繼續(xù)鎮(zhèn)壓太平軍，緩解財(cái)政危機(jī)，于咸豐三年（公元1853年）清廷被迫鼓鑄大錢。《大錢圖錄》說：“咸豐三年（公元1853年），軍務(wù)日滋，清餉不能繼，壽陽相國權(quán)戶部議，請鑄當(dāng)十大錢，兼增鐵冶以供度支。旋推及當(dāng)五十，當(dāng)百錢。巡防王大臣續(xù)請鑄當(dāng)五百，當(dāng)千兩種。”說明咸豐大錢是在迫不行已的情況下鑄行的。“咸豐重寶”始鑄當(dāng)十大錢，繼而又開鑄當(dāng)五十、當(dāng)百和當(dāng)百以上等，并令全國各省迅速鑄造推行。“咸豐重寶”鑄行情況十分困難復(fù)雜，原料稀少，大小輕重，鑄造材質(zhì)，鑄造工藝，文字書體，錢文等，在各局甚至在同一局監(jiān)內(nèi)鑄造時(shí)，都差異很大，故導(dǎo)致流通量不高，存世量稀少。
Monetary backgroundAfter the successive victories of the Taiping Army and the surging anti Qing uprisings, the Qing army was exhausted and the Qing government panicked. At this time, the military expenditure of the Qing Dynasty increased greatly, while the tax revenue decreased greatly. Coupled with the impact of the Opium War, the Qing government was forced to make a lot of money in 1853 in order to raise funds to suppress the Taiping Army and ease the financial crisis《 "In the third year of Xianfeng (1853 A.D.), the military affairs became more and more prosperous, and the Qing rates could not be carried forward. The Ministry of household affairs of Shouyang Prime Minister state proposed that the top ten coins should be cast, and the iron smelters should be added to support them. Spin and push when 50, when 100 money. The Minister of patrol and defense continued to ask for five hundred and one thousand two. " It shows that Xianfeng's big money was made under the circumstances of being forced to do so“ "Xianfeng chongbao" was first cast as the top ten coins, and then it was cast as the top 50, the top 100 and the top 100“ The situation of "Xianfeng chongbao" casting industry is very difficult and complex. The raw materials are rare, the size is light, the casting material, the casting technology, the writing style, the money style and so on. When casting in each bureau or even in the same Bureau, there are great differences, so the circulation is not high and the survival quantity is rare.
