【藏品名稱】：青花龍鳳罐
[collection name]: blue and white Dragon Phoenix can
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品數量】：一件
[collection quantity]: one piece
【藏品鑒賞】：原始青花瓷于唐宋已見端倪，成熟的青花瓷則出現在元代景德鎮的湖田窯。明代青花成為瓷器的主流，清康熙時發展到了頂峰。明清時期，還創燒了青花五彩、孔雀綠釉青花、豆青釉青花、青花紅彩、黃地青花、哥釉青花等衍生品種。元青花在以青瓷和白瓷單色釉為主流的中國宋瓷基礎上，推陳出新地研制出以藍色釉彩基調為主、繁紋疊彩構圖形式呈現的瓷藝新品，具有全新的審美標準和瓷種類型。
[collection appreciation]: the original blue and white porcelain appeared in the Tang and Song Dynasties, while the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln of Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty. Blue and white porcelain became the mainstream in Ming Dynasty, and reached its peak in Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it also created and burned blue and white, peacock green glaze blue and white, bean green glaze blue and white, blue and white red color, yellow ground blue and white, Ge glaze blue and white and other derivative varieties.On the basis of Song Dynasty porcelain, which is dominated by celadon and white monochrome glaze, Yuan blue and white porcelain developed new porcelain products with blue glaze tone as the main theme and multiple patterns in the form of superimposed color composition, with new aesthetic standards and porcelain types.
元青花大改傳統瓷器含蓄內斂的風格，以鮮明的視覺效果，給人以簡明的快感，構圖豐滿，層次多而不亂，筆法以一筆點劃多見，流暢有力，勾勒渲染則粗壯沉著。并且以其大氣豪邁的氣概和藝術原創精神，將青花繪畫藝術推向頂峰，確立了后世青花瓷的繁榮與長久不衰。這件元青花龍紋大罐為元代瓷器，發色為標準的靛藍色，圓口豐肩、短頸、瘦底、圈足。通體白釉如玉，釉下繪青花紋飾，青花呈色濃艷，繪枝精致，主次分明。
Blue and white porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty greatly changed the implicit and introverted style of traditional porcelain. With distinct visual effect, it gives people a simple pleasure. The composition is full, with many levels but not chaos. The strokes are common with one stroke, smooth and powerful, and the outline and rendering are thick and calm. And with its heroic spirit and artistic original spirit, blue and white painting art to the peak, established the prosperity of blue and white porcelain of later generations.This blue-and-white dragon shaped jar of the Yuan Dynasty is porcelain of the Yuan Dynasty. Its hair color is standard indigo blue. It has a round mouth and shoulders, a short neck, a thin bottom and round feet. The whole body is white glaze like jade. Underglaze blue and white patterns are painted. The blue and white are rich in color, and the painting branches are exquisite, with clear primary and secondary.
外壁自上而下以青花雙弦線把紋樣分成5層。口邊飾花紋帶，脛部飾變體花瓣一周，腹部繪云龍紋。龍體矯健，龍爪鋒利，昂首怒視，龍睛圓睜，健曲身，翻騰旋飛于天際，形象遒勁生動傳神，氣勢磅礴，龍身周圍點綴流云數朵，以簡潔洗練的手法來增強其清秀的表現力。此器造型秀美，做工細膩，潔白而堅致，釉面光亮瑩潤，純凈無瑕，白中微閃青，色澤淡雅，達到了紋飾主賓協調，繁而不亂，層次豐厚，構圖謹慎，又不失壯美之舉。并且保存完好，是一件不可多得的元代青花標準器，收藏價值大。元青花瓷造型獨具特色。從制作工藝上看，出現了胎體厚重的巨大形體，如大罐、大瓶、大盤、大碗等。但也有精細之作，如胎體輕薄的高足碗、高足杯、匜、盤等。總之元青花瓷器造型既有恢弘雄偉的大器，又有秀美靈巧的小器，不論何種器型均形態優美，古樸端莊。
元青花的圖案惟妙惟肖。元青花主題紋飾的題材有人物、動物、植物、詩文等。人物有高士圖(四愛圖)、歷史人物等；動物有龍鳳、麒麟、鴛鴦、游魚等；植物常見的有牡丹、蓮花、蘭花、松竹梅、靈芝、花葉、瓜果等；詩文極少見。所畫牡丹的花瓣多留白邊；龍紋為小頭、細頸、長身、三爪或四爪、背部出脊、鱗紋多為網格狀，矯健而兇猛。輔助紋飾多為卷草、蓮瓣、古錢、海水、回紋、朵云、蕉葉等。蓮瓣紋形狀似“大括號”，蓮瓣中常繪道家雜寶；如意云紋中常繪海八怪或折枝蓮花、纏枝花卉，繪三階云；蕉葉中梗為實心；海水紋為粗線與細線描繪相結合。
The blue and white patterns of the Yuan Dynasty are vivid. The themes of blue and white motifs in Yuan Dynasty include characters, animals, plants, poems and so on. The figures include Gao Shitu (four love pictures), historical figures and so on; Animals include dragon and Phoenix, unicorn, mandarin duck, swimming fish, etc; The common plants are peony, lotus, orchid, Dendrolimus, Ganoderma lucidum, flower leaf, melon and fruit, etc; Poetry is rare. The petals of peony are mostly white; Dragon pattern is small head, thin neck, long body, three or four claws, back ridge, scale pattern is mostly grid shape, vigorous and fierce. Most of the auxiliary patterns are rolled grass, lotus petals, ancient coins, sea water, Huiwen, Duoyun, banana leaves, etc. The shape of lotus petals is like "braces", in which Taoist treasures are often painted; Ruyi cloud pattern is often painted with eight monsters of the sea, broken branches of lotus and tangled branches of flowers, and third-order clouds; The middle stem of banana leaf is solid; The sea water pattern is a combination of thick line and thin line.
最常見的是龍紋圖案，瓶身描寫的青龍在云中升騰而起。《三國演義》說“龍能大能小，能升能隱；大則興云吐霧，小則隱介藏形；升則飛揚于宇宙之間，隱則埋伏于波瀾以內。方今春深，龍乘時變。”龍是帝皇的標志，意指登峰造極的權力，一起“龍騰”也是祥瑞的標志。此瓶盡管紋飾布局繁密，可是主次清楚，很有元代青花瓷嚴肅、飽滿之感。關于青料方面，元青花瓷器總體分兩種色調，一種呈灰藍色，較淺淡，一種是深藍色，較艷麗。傳統概念中，呈色灰藍者為國產料，胎骨灰白，胎體手感輕；呈藍艷者為進口料，胎骨較白，稍含灰，手感沉重，致密堅硬。進口青料用于大型、中型或小型元青花上，國產鈷料僅用于中、小型器。除了胎坯、釉色和青花料，燒造工藝也是瓷器制造業很重要的一環。景德鎮元代以后的制瓷業就像來過景德鎮的法國傳教士形容的那樣：“白天濃煙遮蔽了云彩，晚上窯火映紅了夜空”。
The most common is the dragon pattern, which describes the green dragon rising in the clouds《 In the romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is said that "the dragon can be big and small, can rise and hide; The larger is the cloud, the smaller is the hidden form; Rising is flying in the universe, hidden is lurking in the waves. This spring is deep, and the Dragon ride changes with time. " The dragon is the symbol of the emperor, which means the power to reach the peak. Together with the "dragon" is also a symbol of auspicious. Although the layout of the vase is very complicated, the primary and secondary decoration is clear, which makes the blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty serious and full. As for the green materials, the blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty is generally divided into two colors, one is gray blue, lighter, and the other is dark blue, more gorgeous. In the traditional concept, the color of gray blue is made in China, the fetal bone is gray and the fetal body feels light; The blue one is imported. The fetal bone is white and slightly gray. It feels heavy, dense and hard. Imported green materials are used for large, medium or small yuan blue and white, while domestic cobalt materials are only used for medium and small vessels. In addition to the body, glaze and blue and white materials, firing technology is also a very important part of the porcelain manufacturing industry. The porcelain industry in Jingdezhen after the Yuan Dynasty, as described by the French missionaries who came to Jingdezhen, was "thick smoke covered the clouds in the daytime, and kiln fire reddened the night sky at night".
由于元青花珍稀貴重，尋常百姓難以得見其容，所以在古玩界也一直被認為民間元青花多為贗品，但正如一藏家所說：“元青花的存世量少這是事實，但不會僅僅只有不到400件。”小編也贊同這個說法，就如柴窯雖至今未發現確切窯址，但《格古要論·古窯器論》寫道：“柴窯出北地，天青色，滋潤細媚有細紋，足多粗黃土，近世少見。”因此也并無人肯定無柴窯之一說。故，民間無元青花之說實難令人信服。中國是世界四大文明古國之一，對人類社會的進步與發展做出了許多重大貢獻。在陶瓷技術與藝術上所取得的成就，尤其具有特殊重要意義。在中國，制陶技藝的產生可追溯到紀元前4500年至前2500年的時代，可以說，中華民族發展史中的一個重要組成部分是陶瓷發展史。
As the blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty is rare and precious, it is difficult for ordinary people to see its appearance, so it has been considered that most of the folk blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty are fakes in the antique industry. But as a collector said, "it is true that the number of blue and white of the Yuan Dynasty is small, but not just less than 400." Xiao Bian also agrees with this view. For example, although no exact kiln site has been found yet, the book on ancient kilns and utensils of gegu Yaolun wrote: "the Chai kiln comes out of the north, the sky is blue, moist, fine and beautiful, and there are fine lines. There are plenty of coarse loess, which is rare in modern times." Therefore, no one is sure that there is no wood kiln. Therefore, the folk saying that there is no blue and white yuan is not convincing. China is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world, and has made great contributions to the progress and development of human society. The achievements in ceramic technology and art are of special significance. In China, the emergence of ceramic technology can be traced back to the era of 4500 to 2500 BC. It can be said that an important part of the development history of the Chinese nation is the development history of ceramics.
而中國的青花瓷以湛藍艷麗的圖案、如玉似珍的釉水、細膩潔白的胎土和精美奇巧的造型，并以新瓷種類型的姿態成為后代模仿的典范，能收藏一件真正的青花瓷器，可真是可遇不可求。
Chinese blue and white porcelain, with its brilliant blue patterns, jade like glaze water, delicate and white clay and exquisite and ingenious shapes, has become a model for future generations to imitate with the posture of a new type of porcelain. It's really rare to collect a real blue and white porcelain.
