【藏品名稱】：元釉里紅梅瓶
[collection name]: Yuan glazed red plum vase
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品數量】：一件
[collection quantity]: one piece
【藏品鑒賞】：元朝的統治九十余年，連年混戰，所以從整體上看，元代陶瓷業基本上承襲了前代舊制，除青花、釉里紅等品種，沒有太多發明。過去相當長的一段時期里，元代瓷器是被忽視的。自本世紀五十年代以來，由于地下、地上的元瓷不斷被發現，才逐漸引起了人們的注意。其實元代制瓷工藝在中國陶瓷史上占有極為重要的地位。元代的鈞窯、磁州窯、霍窯、龍泉窯、德化窯等主要窯場，仍然繼續燒造傳統品種。而且因為外銷瓷的增加，生產規模普遍擴大，大型器物增多，燒造技術也更加成熟。景德鎮窯在制瓷工藝上有了新的突破。
[collection appreciation]: the Yuan dynasty ruled for more than 90 years and fought for years. Therefore, on the whole, the ceramic industry of the Yuan Dynasty basically inherited the old system of the previous generation, with the exception of blue and white, underglaze red and other varieties. For a long time in the past, Yuan Dynasty porcelain was neglected. Since the 1950s, because of the continuous discovery of Yuan porcelain on the ground and underground, it has gradually attracted people's attention. In fact, the porcelain making technology of Yuan Dynasty occupies a very important position in the history of Chinese ceramics. The main kilns in Yuan Dynasty, such as Jun kiln, Cizhou kiln, Huo kiln, Longquan kiln and Dehua kiln, continued to produce traditional varieties. Moreover, with the increase of export porcelain, the scale of production has generally expanded, the number of large-scale utensils has increased, and the firing technology has become more mature. Jingdezhen kiln has made a new breakthrough in porcelain making technology.
首先是制瓷原料的進步，景德鎮窯采用瓷石加高嶺土的二元配方法，提高了燒成溫度，減少了器物的變形，因而能燒成頗有氣勢的大型器。其次是青花、釉里紅的燒成，使中國繪畫技巧與制瓷工藝的結合更趨成熟，具有強烈中國氣派與風格的釉下彩瓷器發展到一個新的階段。而元代釉里紅瓷，燒制數量極少，可謂鳳毛麟角。原因是銅離子對溫度極為敏感，在窯爐中火候不到，呈現黑紅色或灰紅色;火候銷過銅離子便揮發，從釉層中逸出，呈現特有的飛紅現象或干脆退色，紋飾不連貫。當時燒柴窯很難控制窯溫，只有憑把樁師父的經驗與取出火照對比，無法大規模生產。而且元人尚白，漢人尚紅，民族認同感也有別，所以釉里紅產量一直很小。
The first is the progress of raw materials for porcelain making. Jingdezhen kiln adopts the binary method of porcelain stone and kaolin, which increases the firing temperature and reduces the deformation of utensils. Therefore, it can fire large utensils with great momentum. The second is the firing of blue and white and underglaze red, which makes the combination of Chinese painting skills and porcelain making technology more mature. Underglaze porcelain with strong Chinese style and style has developed to a new stage. The Yuan Dynasty underglaze red porcelain, firing a very small number, can be described as rare. The reason is that copper ion is very sensitive to temperature, and it can not be heated in the furnace, showing black red or gray red; The copper ions volatilize after heating and escape from the glaze layer, showing a unique phenomenon of flying red or fading and incoherent decoration. At that time, it was very difficult to control the temperature of the wood burning kiln. Only by comparing Master Zhuang's experience with that of taking out the fire photos, could it be produced on a large scale. In addition, the people of Yuan Dynasty preferred white and the people of Han Dynasty preferred red, so the production of underglaze red was very small.
鳳，作為中華民族的象征，幾千年來已深深扎根于所有中國人的心中，形成了具有強大凝聚力的龍鳳文化。鳳的藝術造型復雜多變，幾乎可以在各個領域得到體現，如詩詞歌賦，雕刻、壁畫、印章、書法，以及各類裝飾等。同是在新石器時期就出現的陶瓷文化和龍鳳文化，在八千年的歷史碰撞交融中，早已產生了密不可分的聯系。中國的鳳，多存在于神話傳說中，而鳳的文化源于圖騰又遠高于圖騰，由于鳳的實體并未被發掘，所以多被認為是一種文化的創造。也會以鳳紋為飾，并保留下了許多精品。其中，元明清時期的龍鳳紋瓷器頗負盛名。元代鳳紋瓷器很有特色。
Phoenix, as a symbol of the Chinese nation, has been deeply rooted in the hearts of all Chinese people for thousands of years, forming a dragon and phoenix culture with strong cohesion. The artistic form of Phoenix is complex and changeable, which can be reflected in almost all fields, such as poetry, song and Fu, sculpture, mural, seal, calligraphy, and all kinds of decoration. The ceramic culture and the dragon phoenix culture, which appeared in the Neolithic period, have been closely linked in the eight thousand year history. Chinese phoenix mostly exists in myths and legends, and its culture originates from totem, which is much higher than totem. Because the entity of Phoenix has not been discovered, it is considered as a kind of cultural creation. Also will be decorated with phoenix patterns, and retained a lot of fine. Among them, the porcelain with dragon and phoenix patterns in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties is quite famous. The phoenix pattern porcelain of Yuan Dynasty has its own characteristics.
此釉里紅梅瓶口細而頸短，肩極寬博，至脛稍狹，抵于足微豐，口徑之小僅與梅之瘦骨相稱。又有詩句稱“清沽美酒”、“醉鄉酒海”！它是一種以變化柔和的弧線為輪廓線的瓶類，頸部向下逐漸加寬過渡為杏圓狀下垂腹，曲線變化圓緩；圈足相對較大，稍微外撇，底足露胎。瓷胎細膩瑩潤，器身滿飾釉里紅鳳紋，紋飾細膩流暢，色彩艷麗，造型清秀柔美，品相保存完好無缺，包漿自然，器形大氣，是元代釉里紅精品，價值極高！
The mouth of this glaze red plum bottle is thin and the neck is short, the shoulder is wide and broad, the tibia is narrow, the foot is slightly abundant, and the caliber is small, which is only commensurate with the thin bone of plum. There is also a poem called "Qinggu wine", "drunken wine sea"! It is a kind of bottle with a soft curve as the contour line. The neck is gradually widened down to an apricot shaped drooping abdomen, and the curve changes slowly; The ring feet are relatively large, slightly Exotropic, and the bottom feet are exposed. The body of the porcelain body is decorated with underglaze red phoenix patterns. The patterns are delicate and smooth, the color is gorgeous, the shape is delicate and soft, the appearance is intact, the paste is natural, and the shape is atmospheric. It is a high-quality product of underglaze red in Yuan Dynasty, with high value!
