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中國古錢幣是從另一個層面寫就的中國古代歷史,被收藏界專譽為“中國通史”之寶藏,它是我國不同歷史時期,不同地域,政治、經濟、軍事、文化、人文現象的實證,成為獨具中華特色的人文歷史名片。它萌芽于夏代,起源于殷商,發展于東周,統一于贏秦,歷經了四千多年歷史,其內容豐富多彩,以自身獨特的魅力詮釋著中國歷史文化,千百年來一直為人稱道,并由此而產生了頗具中國特色的錢幣之學。Ancient Chinese coins are written from another level of ancient Chinese history, which is specially praised as the treasure of "general history of China" by the collection circle. It is the demonstration of political, economic, military, cultural and humanistic phenomena in different historical periods and regions of our country, and has become a unique human history card with Chinese characteristics. It sprouted in the Xia Dynasty, originated in the Shang Dynasty, developed in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, and unified in the Ying Qin Dynasty. After more than 4000 years of history, its content is rich and colorful. It interprets Chinese history and culture with its own unique charm. It has been praised for thousands of years, and thus produced the study of coins with Chinese characteristics.

中國是世界上最早使用貨幣的國家之一,使用貨幣的歷史長達五千年之久。中國古代貨幣在形成和發展的過程中,先后經歷了多次重大的演變。

    China is one of the earliest countries in the world to use currency, with a history of 5000 years. In the process of its formation and development, ancient Chinese currency has undergone many important changes.

 

由自然貨幣向人工貨幣的演變:在中國的漢字中,凡與價值有關的字,大都從“貝”。由此可見,貝是我國最早的貨幣。 隨著商品交換的迅速發展,貨幣需求量越來越大,海貝已無法滿足人們的需求,人們開始用銅仿制海貝。銅貝的出現,是我國古代貨幣史上由自然貨幣向人工貨幣的一次重大演變。 隨著人工鑄幣的大量使用,海貝這種自然貨幣便慢慢退出了中國的貨幣舞臺。

Evolution from natural currency to artificial currency: in Chinese characters, most of the characters related to value have changed from "Bei". From this we can see that Bei is the earliest currency in China. With the rapid development of commodity exchange, the demand for money is increasing. Seashells have been unable to meet people's needs. People began to imitate seashells with copper. The appearance of copper shell is an important evolution from natural currency to artificial currency in ancient Chinese currency history. With the extensive use of artificial coins, seashells, as a natural currency, gradually withdrew from China's currency stage.

由雜亂形狀向規范形狀的演變:從商朝銅貝出現后到戰國時期,我國的貨幣逐漸形成了以諸侯稱雄割據為特色的四大體系,即:鏟幣、刀幣、環錢、楚幣(爰金、蟻鼻錢)。 秦統一中國后,秦始皇于公元前二一○年頒布了中國最早的貨幣法“以秦幣同天下之幣”,規定在全國范圍內通行秦國圓形方孔的半兩錢。 圓形方孔的秦半兩錢在全國的通行,結束了我國古代貨幣形狀各異、重量懸殊的雜亂狀態,是我國古代貨幣史上由雜亂形狀向規范形狀的一次重大演變。秦半兩錢確定下來的這種圓形方孔的形制,一直沿續到民國初期。

From the appearance of copper shell in Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, China's currency gradually formed four systems characterized by the domination of the feudal lords, namely, shovel coin, Dao coin, ring coin and Chu coin (yuan Jin and Yi Bi Qian). After Qin unified China, the first emperor of Qin promulgated the earliest currency law of China in 210 BC, which stipulated that half Liang coins with round square holes of Qin state could be used throughout the country. The circulation of Qin banliang coins with round square holes in the whole country ended the disordered state of different shapes and great weight differences of ancient Chinese coins, which was a significant evolution from disordered shape to standard shape in the history of ancient Chinese coins. The shape of this round square hole determined by the Qin banliang coins continued until the early Republic of China.

 

由地方鑄幣向中央鑄幣的演變:據《漢書·食貨志》記載,劉邦建漢后,允民私鑄錢幣。豪紳富商和地方勢力乘機大鑄惡錢而牟利。文帝時“鄧通大夫也,以鑄錢財過王者。” 元鼎四年(前一一五年),漢武帝收回了郡國鑄幣權,由中央統一鑄造五銖錢。從此確定了由中央政府對錢幣鑄造、發行的統一管理,這是中國古代貨幣史上由地方鑄幣向中央鑄幣的一次重大演變。 此后,歷代鑄幣皆由中央直接經管。鑄幣權收歸中央,對穩定各朝的政局和經濟發展起了重要的作用。

The evolution from local coinage to central coinage: according to the records of Shi Huo Zhi in Hanshu, after the founding of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang allowed the people to make coins privately. The gentry, the rich businessmen and the local forces took advantage of the opportunity to make money. In the reign of Emperor Wen, "Dr. Deng Tong also made money for the king." In the fourth year of Yuanding (1115 years ago), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty took back the minting right of the prefecture, and the central government minted five baht coins. From then on, it was determined that the central government should be responsible for the unified management of coin casting and issue, which was a significant evolution from local coin to central coin in the history of ancient Chinese currency. Since then, the central government has been in charge of the coinage. The return of the minting right to the central government played an important role in stabilizing the political situation and economic development of the dynasties.

《中華文物通寶》以中國歷代錢幣實物為序,全套袁括中國古錢幣100枚,其中商周開始到南北朝時期的古錢幣10枚,唐宋元明清古錢幣83枚,民國幣7枚。整書以中國歷代錢幣實物為序,配以豐富的資料、圖片,從夏商周開始,直至清末,追求了中國古錢幣的發展歷程,深度挖掘了古錢幣的豐富內涵,涉及到歷史、考古、書法藝術、錢幣學等方面的基礎知識。全書流動著五彩繽紛的特質美感,展示出中國古錢幣文化的優美畫卷。其詮釋了中國古錢幣的發展史,具有很高的文化價值、歷史價值和收藏價值。

In the preface of the book, there are 100 yuan Kuo ancient Chinese coins, including 10 from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the northern and Southern Dynasties, 83 from the Tang, song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and 7 from the Republic of China. The whole book takes Chinese ancient coins as the preface, with rich materials and pictures. From Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, it pursues the development of Chinese ancient coins, and deeply excavates the rich connotation of ancient coins, involving the basic knowledge of history, archaeology, calligraphy art, numismatics and so on. The book is full of colorful special aesthetic feeling, showing a beautiful picture of ancient Chinese coin culture. It interprets the development history of Chinese ancient coins and has high cultural value, historical value and collection value.

 

 

 

 

 

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