【藏品名稱】：漢代高古玉
[collection name]: Han Dynasty gaoguyu
【藏品數量】：一件
[collection quantity]: one piece
【藏品簡介】：中國漫長的歷史長河里，玉器始終享有崇高的文化地位，故自古有“黃金有價玉無價”之說。玉石質地致密，經打磨后表面光滑細膩、溫潤厚澤。華夏先民自古認為這種珍罕堅密的石頭蘊含著護身避邪的神奇力量，故玉器對歷代皇室貴冑來說，無論是作為配飾、祭器或生活用具，都是不可或缺的。中國杰出思想家孔子對玉推崇備至，并以玉寓君子必備的五大懿德：仁、智、義、理、信。《禮記》里亦載“君子比德于玉焉”。時至戰國漢代，玉器具長生不朽及防腐之說更是盛極一時，玉器雕刻工藝達到前所未見的輝煌盛況。高古玉通常指漢代及漢代以前的玉石器，歷經夏、商、周，可謂歷史悠久。從北方的紅山文化、龍山文化古玉，到南方的良渚文化、古蜀三星堆文化、金沙文化古玉；從史前神玉時代，到商周王權中的禮玉時代，玉與禮的結合將玉文化推向了圣壇。高古玉經歷了神玉、王玉以及禮玉等時期，具有深厚的文化底蘊和藝術價值，目前已成為國家重點保護文物。
[introduction to collection]: in the long history of China, jade has always enjoyed a high cultural status, so it has been said that "gold is valuable and jade is priceless" since ancient times. The texture of jade is dense, and the polished surface is smooth, delicate, warm and thick. Ancient Chinese people believed that this rare and dense stone contained the magic power of protecting the body and avoiding evil. Therefore, jade ware was indispensable to the royal family and nobles in the past dynasties, whether it was used as accessories, sacrificial utensils or daily utensils. Confucius, an outstanding Chinese thinker, highly praised jade and used it to embody the five virtues necessary for a gentleman: benevolence, wisdom, righteousness, reason and faith《 In the book of rites, it is also recorded that a gentleman is more virtuous than a jade. Up to the Warring States and Han Dynasties, the theory of immortality and antisepsis of jade ware was even more prosperous, and the carving technology of jade ware reached the unprecedented glory. Gaogu jade usually refers to the jade of Han Dynasty and before Han Dynasty. It has a long history after Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. From Hongshan Culture and Longshan Culture in the north to Liangzhu culture, Sanxingdui culture and Jinsha culture in the south; From the prehistoric God Jade Age to the ritual Jade Age of Shang and Zhou dynasties, the combination of jade and ritual pushed the jade culture to the altar. Gaoguyu has experienced the periods of Shenyu, Wangyu and Liyu. It has a profound cultural heritage and artistic value. Now it has become a national key cultural relic.
近幾年，隨著古玉價格的不斷走高，越來越多的投資者將視線轉向了高古玉，但千金易得，美玉難求，高古玉是不可再生資源，如何收藏，便成為投資的關鍵問題。專家建議大家在選擇購買時，應該注重玉器的玉質、品類、紋飾、琢工等方面，古方編著的《古玉的辨偽與鑒定》一書中對目前市場上比較常見的紅山文化、龍山文化、良渚文化、春秋時期等的高古玉器做了詳盡的介紹。紅山文化高古玉特點：玉質上多呈黃綠色，為就地取材，經礦物鑒定與岫巖透閃石玉接近。品類上以鳥、獸等動物形玉器為主。器物造型概括簡練，多光素無紋。琢工上渾厚豪放，器物常采用中間打洼使成凹槽和邊沿斜磨使成刃狀的技法，線條剛柔相濟，富有韻律感，常見器物背面鉆牛鼻孔，截面多作橢圓形。
In recent years, with the rising price of ancient jade, more and more investors have turned their eyes to high ancient jade. However, it is easy to obtain gold and beauty jade is difficult to obtain. High ancient jade is a non renewable resource. How to collect it becomes the key issue of investment. Experts suggest that when you choose to buy, we should pay attention to the jade quality, category, decoration, carving and other aspects of jade. The book "the identification and identification of ancient jade" compiled by ancient Chinese side gives a detailed introduction to the high ancient jade products such as Hongshan culture, Longshan culture, Liangzhu culture and spring and Autumn period, etc. Hongshan culture high ancient jade features: jade is mostly yellow green, for local materials, through mineral identification and Xiuyan diorite jade close. The main category is animal shaped jade such as birds and animals. The shape of the objects is simple and simple, and the multi light and plain are not striated. The craft is thick and bold, and the tools often use the middle hollows to make grooves and edges slant to make them blade shaped. The lines are rigid and flexible, and have a sense of rhythm. The nostrils are drilled on the back of common objects, and the cross-section is mostly oval.
良渚文化高古玉特點：玉質上少呈青綠色，許多受沁后呈雞骨白色，多為透閃石或陽起石軟玉。品類上較為繁多，以禮儀宗教性的器物琮、璧為典型，尺寸較大，規整謹嚴。紋飾上突破了先前玉器光素無紋的傳統，創造出主紋、輔紋、地紋相結合的布局章法，以神面和神獸復合組成的神像紋最為流行。琢工上熟練掌握片切割、線切割技術，陰線、 浮雕、 圓雕、透雕等多種琢玉技法并現，并出現微雕，孔眼普遍采用雙面對鉆，孔內壁常遺留下錯位的“臺階”痕和螺旋痕。那些傳承有序、文化特征明顯的古玉，價格已經暴漲至上百萬元。在紐約蘇富比的一場拍賣會上，一件新石器時代晚期至商時的玉刀，就曾以23.2萬美元成交；而安陽殷墟遺址出土的一件商代的禮儀器玉戈，在2005年一場拍賣中也以480萬元落槌。千金易得，美玉難求。古玉是不可再生資源，物以稀為貴，尤其是重中之重的夏商周老三代祭祀用高古神玉，數千年的歷史更替，能流傳下來的早已十分稀缺。隨著時間的推移，連玉料都將日漸枯竭的今天，如能收藏到精、珍、稀三個特點都有的高古玉，投資收藏無疑為一種投資保值的最明智選擇
The characteristics of Liangzhu culture high ancient jade are as follows: the jade is less greenish in quality, many of them are chicken bone white after Qin Dynasty, and most of them are tremolite or actinolite nephrite. There are many kinds of utensils, such as Cong and Bi, which are typical of religious rituals. They are large in size, regular and strict. The pattern broke through the previous tradition of jade with no pattern, and created a combination of main pattern, auxiliary pattern and ground pattern. The most popular pattern is the God image pattern composed of God face and god beast. In addition, there are many kinds of jade carving techniques, such as Yin line, relief, round carving, through carving and so on, and micro carving appears. The hole is generally drilled on both sides, and the inner wall of the hole often leaves misplaced "step" marks and spiral marks. The prices of those ancient jade with orderly inheritance and obvious cultural characteristics have skyrocketed to millions of yuan. At a Sotheby's auction in New York, a jade knife from the late Neolithic era to the Shang Dynasty was sold for 232000 US dollars; A Shang Dynasty ritual jade dagger unearthed from the Yin Ruins site in Anyang was also sold for 4.8 million yuan at an auction in 2005. Gold is easy to get, but jade is hard to find. Ancient jade is a non renewable resource, and rare is the most precious, especially the high ancient god jade used for sacrifice in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. With thousands of years of history, it has been very rare to be handed down. With the passage of time, even the jade materials will be dried up day by day. If we can collect the high ancient jade with the characteristics of fine, rare and rare, investment and collection is undoubtedly the most wise choice to keep the value of investment
