法器是作法事時使用的器物。藏傳佛教的法器類繁多,具有濃厚的神秘色彩。這些法器大體可以分為禮敬、稱贊、供養、持驗、護魔、勸導六大類。袈裟、項珠、哈達等屬于禮敬類;鐘、鼓、骨笛、海螺、六弦琴、大號等屬于稱贊類;塔、壇城、八寶、七政、供臺、華蓋等屬于供養類;念珠、木魚、金剛杵、灌頂壺、嘎巴拉碗等屬于持驗類;護身佛、秘密符印等屬于護魔類;刻有或者寫有六字真言的瑪尼輪、轉經筒和幢、石等屬于勸導類。每件法器都有其不同的宗教含義,有的法器兼有數種用途。藏傳佛教法器大多以金、銀、銅鑄造為主,兼有木雕、骨雕、象牙雕、石雕、海貝殼雕以及布、絲織、錦緞等面料制品。其質材各異,造型奇特,制作構思巧妙,數量巨大,是西藏佛教藝術寶庫中的重要組成部分。
Dharma implements are utensils used in rituals. Tibetan Buddhism has a wide variety of ritual instruments and is full of mystery. These instruments can be roughly divided into six categories: respect, praise, offering, holding test, protecting demons, and persuading. The cassock, Xiangzhu, Hada, etc. belong to the tribute category; bells, drums, bone flutes, conch, liustring, tuba, etc. belong to the praise category; towers, mandalas, eight treasures, seven political affairs, offering platforms, canopies, etc. belong to the offering category; Rosary, wooden fish, vajra, potting pot, and Gabala bowl belong to the type of observance; the guardian Buddha, secret rune, etc. belong to the type of demon; the mani wheel, the prayer wheel and the building with the six-character mantra engraved or written , Shi, etc. belong to the persuasive category. Each artifact has a different religious meaning, and some artifacts have several purposes. Most Tibetan Buddhist instruments are mainly made of gold, silver, and bronze, as well as wood carvings, bone carvings, ivory carvings, stone carvings, sea shell carvings, and fabric products such as cloth, silk and brocade. They are of different materials, unique shapes, ingenious production concepts, and huge numbers. They are an important part of the Tibetan Buddhist art treasure house.
藏傳佛教法器是藏傳佛教藝術不可或缺的組成部分,曾在漢藏文化交流中發揮著不可取代的重要作用。佛教法器指各種佛事活動中使用的器物,其功用、形制、材質不一而足。其中,中國的佛教法器源自印度,在長期的使用流傳過程中逐步發展豐富,形成了相對完備的體系。藏傳佛教法器較之漢傳佛教法器,種類更為多樣。眾所周知,滿洲在入關以前,除了漢文化以外,亦深受蒙古文化的影響。而早在努爾哈赤之時,滿洲人便與蒙古喇嘛有所接觸。這些熟悉蒙藏政情的蒙古僧人,很早就將“政教二道”的理論帶到滿洲,而這也是何以清帝自皇太極以來,便開始以佛教圣王自居。隨后自五世達賴喇嘛開始尊稱順治為文殊皇帝,到乾隆令儒臣以考據學系統化建構文殊與滿洲的聯系,這些舉措在在證明清朝對于內亞世界,尤其是廣袤的蒙藏地區,其正統性完全是建立在藏傳佛教的政教理論基礎之上。就是說,清朝政權的合法性,不僅繼承了明朝的儒家道統,同時也從蒙古方面繼受了藏傳佛教的政教合法性。
Tibetan Buddhist ritual instruments are an indispensable part of Tibetan Buddhist art. They once played an irreplaceable role in cultural exchanges between Han and Tibet. Buddhist ritual implements refer to the implements used in various Buddhist activities, and their functions, shapes, and materials vary. Among them, Chinese Buddhist ritual instruments originated from India, and gradually developed and enriched in the process of long-term use and spread, forming a relatively complete system. Tibetan Buddhist instruments are more diverse than Han Buddhist instruments. As we all know, before entering the customs, Manchuria was deeply influenced by Mongolian culture in addition to Han culture. As early as in Nurhachi, Manchurians had contact with Mongolian lamas. These Mongolian monks, who are familiar with Mongolian and Tibetan politics, brought the theory of the "two ways of politics and religion" to Manchuria very early, and this is why the Qing emperor began to regard himself as the holy king of Buddhism since Huang Taiji. Since the Fifth Dalai Lama began to honor Shunzhi as Emperor Manjusri, to Qianlong, he ordered Confucian officials to systematically establish the connection between Manjusri and Manchuria through textual research. These measures are proving the Qing Dynasty’s influence on the Inner Asian world, especially the vast Mongolia-Tibet region. Its legitimacy is entirely based on the political and religious theories of Tibetan Buddhism. In other words, the legitimacy of the Qing regime not only inherited the Confucian orthodoxy of the Ming Dynasty, but also inherited the political and religious legitimacy of Tibetan Buddhism from Mongolia.
佛教法器是僧侶用來舉行佛教活動和佛教儀式的器物。佛法賦予它們特殊的作用,使它們不再是普通的物體,而是更加神圣和莊嚴。藏傳佛教法器有很多種,各種儀器的使用、大小也不同,例如祈禱輪、念珠、海螺等。他們中的大多數借用了印度佛教法器的形式,并增加了自己的特色。藏傳佛教的大多數工具都用來供奉佛陀、莊嚴道場、練習佛法。此藏品整器形制簡約,工藝考究,表面包漿厚重無比,藏傳佛教法器值得收藏。
Buddhist rituals are artifacts used by monks to hold Buddhist activities and rituals. Buddhism gives them special functions, making them no longer ordinary objects, but more sacred and solemn. There are many kinds of Tibetan Buddhist ritual instruments, and the use and size of various instruments are also different, such as prayer wheels, prayer beads, and conch. Most of them have borrowed the form of Indian Buddhist instruments and added their own characteristics. Most of the tools of Tibetan Buddhism are used to worship Buddha, solemn dojos, and practice Dharma. The shape of this collection is simple, the craftsmanship is exquisite, and the surface coating is extremely heavy. Tibetan Buddhist artifacts are worth collecting.
