隕石指來(lái)自地球以外太陽(yáng)系其他天體的碎片,絕大多數(shù)來(lái)于太陽(yáng)系的火星和木星之間的小行星帶,少數(shù)來(lái)自月球和火星或已經(jīng)瓦解消失的小行星等天體。石隕石是發(fā)現(xiàn)的隕石中最常見(jiàn)的一大類型。其主要或全部由硅酸鹽礦物,特別是鐵鎂硅酸鹽組成的隕石的總稱。根據(jù)有無(wú)球粒結(jié)構(gòu)分為球粒隕石和無(wú)球粒隕石兩大類。隕石是地球以外的宇宙流星脫離原有運(yùn)行軌道或成碎塊散落到地球上的石體,是從宇宙空間落到某個(gè)地方的天然固體,也稱“隕星”。它是人類直接認(rèn)識(shí)太陽(yáng)系各星體珍貴稀有的實(shí)物標(biāo)本,極具收藏價(jià)值。由于多數(shù)隕石落在海洋、荒草、森林和山地等人煙罕至地區(qū),而被人發(fā)現(xiàn)并收集到手的隕石每年只有幾十塊,數(shù)量極少。
Meteorites refer to debris from other celestial bodies in the solar system other than the Earth. Most of them come from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter in the solar system, and a few come from the moon and Mars or asteroids that have collapsed and disappeared. Stone meteorites are the most common type of meteorite found. It is a general term for meteorites composed mainly or entirely of silicate minerals, especially iron-magnesium silicate. According to the chondrite structure, it is divided into two categories: chondrite and achondrite. Meteorites are stone bodies that cosmic meteors outside of the earth deviate from their original orbits or fall into pieces on the earth. They are natural solids that fall from space to a certain place, and are also called "meteorites." It is a precious and rare physical specimen that humans directly know the stars of the solar system, and is of great collection value. Because most meteorites fall in sparsely populated areas such as oceans, grasses, forests, and mountains, only a few dozen meteorites are discovered and collected each year, and the number is very small.
石隕石上硅酸鹽礦物如橄欖石、輝石和少量斜長(zhǎng)石組成,也含少量金屬鐵微粒,有時(shí)可達(dá)20以上。密度3至3.5。石隕石占隕石總量的95%。1976年3月8日15時(shí),吉林地區(qū)東西12公里,南北8公里,總面積500多平方公里的范圍內(nèi),降一場(chǎng)世界罕見(jiàn)的隕石雨。所收集到的隕石有200多塊,最大的1號(hào)隕石重1770公斤,名列世界單塊隕石重量之最。吉林隕石表面,有黑色、黑棕色熔殼和大小不等氣印?；瘜W(xué)組成成分為SiO2占37.2,MgO2占3.19,Fe占28.43。主要礦物有貴橄欖石、古銅輝石、鐵紋石和隕硫鐵。次要礦物有單斜輝石、斜長(zhǎng)石等。石隕石根據(jù)起內(nèi)部是否含有球粒結(jié)構(gòu)又可分為兩類:球粒隕石、不含球粒隕石。球粒隕石根據(jù)化學(xué)-巖石學(xué)分類被分為:E、H、L、LL、C五個(gè)化學(xué)群類。E群中鐵鎳金屬含量最高,形成在一個(gè)極端還原的環(huán)境中,其橄欖石和輝石中幾乎不含氧化鐵。C群中的鐵鎳金屬含量最低(或不含鐵鎳金屬成分),形成在一個(gè)相當(dāng)氧化的環(huán)境中,其橄欖石和輝石中的氧化鐵含量比值最高。H、L、LL群的形成環(huán)境界于E群和C群之間,其特點(diǎn)也界于E群和C群之間。此塊石鐵隕石,品相完美、特征明顯,玻璃隕石是在高空、高溫、高壓和高速下形成的,所以它有明顯的形成特證:內(nèi)部高純度無(wú)雜質(zhì),通體布滿致密的小氣泡,外部有融殼,融殼上有流紋,外部和融殼下有時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生大的氣印。
Stone meteorites consist of silicate minerals such as olivine, pyroxene and a small amount of plagioclase, and also contain a small amount of metallic iron particles, sometimes up to 20 or more. Density 3 to 3.5. Stone meteorites account for 95% of the total meteorites. At 15:00 on March 8, 1976, a meteorite rain that was rare in the world fell within a range of 12 kilometers from east to west and 8 kilometers from north to south in Jilin area, covering a total area of more than 500 square kilometers. There are more than 200 meteorites collected. The largest meteorite No. 1 weighs 1770 kilograms, which is the heaviest single meteorite in the world. On the surface of Jilin meteorite, there are black, black-brown fusion crust and airmarks of varying sizes. The chemical composition is SiO2 accounts for 37.2, MgO2 accounts for 3.19, Fe accounts for 28.43. The main minerals are chrysolite, bronze pyroxene, iron pyrite and pyrite. The secondary minerals include clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Stone meteorites can be divided into two categories according to whether they contain chondrites inside: chondrites and non-chondrites. Chondrites are classified into five chemical groups according to chemical-petrological classification: E, H, L, LL, and C. The E group has the highest iron and nickel metal content, formed in an extremely reducing environment, and its olivine and pyroxene contain almost no iron oxide. Group C has the lowest iron-nickel metal content (or does not contain iron-nickel metal components), formed in a fairly oxidizing environment, and the ratio of iron oxide content in olivine to pyroxene is the highest. The formation environment of the H, L, and LL groups is between the E group and the C group, and its characteristics are also between the E group and the C group. This stone iron meteorite has perfect appearance and obvious characteristics. The glass meteorite is formed at high altitude, high temperature, high pressure and high speed, so it has obvious formation characteristics: high purity inside without impurities, and the whole body is full of dense small bubbles , There is a melted crust on the outside, there are flow lines on the melted crust, and sometimes large airmarks are produced on the outside and under the melted crust。
石隕石具有極高的科研價(jià)值,讓無(wú)數(shù)科學(xué)家為之瘋狂的“寶貝”。地球上的隕石除玻璃隕石外,分布幾乎是均勻的,在有人們居住的地區(qū)是容易被發(fā)現(xiàn),而在荒無(wú)人煙的地區(qū),有記錄的十分罕見(jiàn),北極、南極地區(qū),現(xiàn)在去考查的人們極易拾得隕石,也是情理之中的事情。根據(jù)美國(guó)科研局最新消息,可能性最大的是玻璃隕石是巨大的隕石或彗核撞擊地球,使地球表層巖石熔融高速濺出坑外急速冷卻而成。近幾年,國(guó)內(nèi)逐步興起了一股玻璃隕石保藏?zé)岢?。玻璃隕石保藏圈的日益擴(kuò)大,加之其非常稀有,讓玻璃隕石在全球的報(bào)價(jià),從本來(lái)的幾美元每磅,攀升到現(xiàn)在堪比鉆石的巨額數(shù)字。三四年間,不只玻璃隕石的報(bào)價(jià)飆升,國(guó)內(nèi)玻璃隕石保藏市場(chǎng)也日漸成形具有很高的收藏價(jià)值。
Stone meteorites have extremely high scientific research value, making countless scientists crazy for them. Except for glass meteorites, meteorites on the earth are almost evenly distributed. They are easy to find in areas where people live, but in uninhabited areas, there are very rare records. The Arctic and Antarctic regions are very easy for people to investigate now. Picking up a meteorite is also logical. According to the latest news from the US Bureau of Scientific Research, the most likely glass meteorite is a huge meteorite or comet nucleus hitting the earth, causing the surface of the earth to melt and splash out of the crater and rapidly cool down. In recent years, a wave of glass meteorite preservation has gradually emerged in China. The ever-expanding collection of glass meteorites, coupled with their very rarity, has made the global quotation of glass meteorites from a few dollars per pound to a huge number comparable to diamonds. In the past three to four years, not only the quotations of glass meteorites have soared, but the domestic glass meteorite preservation market has gradually formed with high collection value。
