厭勝,典出《漢書·王莽傳》:“莽親之南郊,鑄作威斗。威斗者,以五石銅為之,若北斗,長二尺五寸,欲以厭勝眾兵。”后來“厭勝”演變成了古代方士的一種巫術——厭勝法,當時人們認為運用厭勝法就可以制服他們想要制服的人和物。厭勝法的“厭”讀作ya,據《說文解字》解釋:厭,笮也,今人作壓。所以通常又把厭勝法稱作壓勝法。杜甫《石犀行》云:“自古雖有壓勝法,天生江水向東流。”厭勝錢實際上就是人們據厭勝法的本義,為避邪祈福而制造的一種飾物,供佩帶賞玩,厭服邪魅、求取吉祥。厭勝錢最早起源于漢代,自魏晉南北朝,歷經宋遼金元,厭勝錢得到了全面發展,品種、數量均比前期豐富。到了明清兩代,厭勝錢幣的鑄造和流傳達鼎盛時期,內容幾乎涉及到人們生活的各個領域,稱謂更是名目繁多。其形制、銘文、紋飾都達到精美絕倫的境界。 文化民俗:“厭勝”,亦稱“壓勝”,意為用咒詛制服人物鬼怪。錢以“厭勝”命名,是因古人篤信錢幣可以通神役鬼。從傳世實物和典籍記載看,中國古代的厭勝錢是一個品類繁多的大家族,從贊頌吉祥的“祝壽錢”、“洗兒錢”、“撒帳錢”,到厭魅解厄的“辟兵錢”、“神咒錢”、“八寶錢”;從祈嗣求子的“男錢”、“女錢”、“秘戲錢”,到嬉戲娛樂的“棋錢”、“馬錢”、“燈謎錢”……幾乎遍及社會生活的各個領域。埋藏在護珠塔磚下的,則屬于“鎮宅錢”一類。
Disgusted, the "Han Shu·Wang Mang Biography" was published: "The southern suburbs of the reckless relatives make a mighty battle. The mighty fighters use five stones and copper as the master, like a north dipper, two feet and five inches long, and want to defeat the soldiers "Later, "satisfaction" evolved into a witchcraft of ancient alchemists-the method of succumbing to victory. At that time, people thought that the method of succumbing to victory could subdue the people and things they wanted to subdue. The word "tired" in the method of disgusting victory is pronounced ya. According to the "Shuowen Jiezi" explanation: disgusting, ruo, today's people are oppressive. Therefore, it is usually referred to as the overwhelming method. Du Fu's "Stone Rhinoceros" says: "Although there has been a method of overcoming victory since ancient times, the river is born to flow eastward." In fact, the triumphant money is actually a kind of ornament made by people to avoid evil and pray for blessings for wearing and enjoying. , Disgusted with evil and charm, seeking good luck. Dishengqian originated in the Han Dynasty. Since the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, through the Song, Liao, Jinyuan and Yuan Dynasties, Dishengqian has developed in an all-round way, and its variety and quantity are more abundant than the previous period. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the casting and circulation of coins were in their heyday. The content involved almost all areas of people's lives, and the titles were even more numerous. Its shape, inscriptions and decorations have reached the state of exquisite exquisiteness. Cultural and folklore: "Satisfaction", also known as "compression victory", means using curses to subdue characters and ghosts. The name of the money is "disgusting" because the ancients believed that money could be used to conquer ghosts. Judging from the handed down objects and ancient records, the ancient Chinese dying money is a large family with a wide range of categories, from the auspicious "birthday money", "laundering money", "spreading the account money", to the "disgusting" Money for soldiers, money for gods, and money for eight treasures; from money for men, money for women, and money for secret games to pray for children, to money for chess and horse "Money", "Riddle money"...... Almost all areas of social life. Buried under the bricks of the bead protection tower belongs to the category of "town house money".
咸豐厭勝錢,也叫做壓勝錢,也叫押勝錢。壓勝錢,并非流通幣。它起源于西漢,至清末民初都有鑄造。它最初的本義主要是壓邪攘災和喜慶祈福兩大類。到了后來,厭勝錢所指的范圍越來越廣,諸如開爐、鎮庫、饋贈、賞賜、祝福、辟災、占卜、玩賞、戲作、配飾、生肖等等,都鑄厭勝錢。發展到后來使用范圍越來越廣,按不同的用途,大略可分為紀念、厭勝、憑信、上梁、供養、博奕、吉語、成語、戲作等品類。咸豐厭勝錢,是用作吉利品或辟邪物的一種“特種貨幣”。 縱觀歷朝歷代的厭勝錢,各種書法、圖案內容,多是體現當時的禮俗時尚,因此厭勝錢對考察各朝代的政治、民俗、文化都具有極高的參考價值。厭勝錢的材質多種多樣,除了銅質,還有金、銀、錫、鉛等材質。厭勝錢的產生、發展與當時社會的諸多方面有很大的關系,它大都反映人們祈求太平盛世的美好愿望。因厭勝錢的圖案品種繁多,鑄造工藝多樣,材質各異,因此水平良莠不齊。加上官方也鑄造過不少不作通貨流通的開爐、鎮庫、饋贈、賞賜、祝福、玩賞等花錢。使花錢品類更加豐富。
Xianfeng hates winning money, also called winning money, or betting money. Winning money is not a currency in circulation. It originated in the Western Han Dynasty and was cast in the late Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China. The original meaning of it was mainly two categories: suppressing evil and fighting disasters and celebrating blessings. Later on, the scope of disgusting money became more and more extensive, such as opening furnaces, treasury, gifts, rewards, blessings, disaster prevention, divination, rewards, dramas, accessories, zodiac, etc., all casting disgusting money. Later, it has become more and more widely used. According to different purposes, it can be roughly divided into categories such as memorial, disgusting, trustworthy, beaming, support, game, auspicious language, idioms, and drama. Xianfeng hates money and is a kind of "special currency" used as auspicious goods or evil spirits. Throughout the history of dynasties, the contents of various calligraphy and patterns mostly reflect the etiquette and fashion of the time. Therefore, the ties of money are of extremely high reference value for investigating the politics, folklore, and culture of each dynasty. There are many kinds of materials used in the money, in addition to copper, there are also gold, silver, tin, lead and other materials. The generation and development of disgusting money has a lot to do with many aspects of society at that time. It mostly reflects people's wish for peace and prosperity. Because of the wide variety of patterns, various casting techniques and different materials, the level of good and bad is uneven. In addition, the government has also cast a lot of money for opening furnaces, treasury, gifts, rewards, blessings, and rewards that are not used for currency circulation. Make money-spending categories richer.
中國古代錢幣中有一部分非正式行用的錢幣,它們雖然鑄造成錢幣的形狀,但卻不能行使貨幣的職能,這就是厭勝錢,亦稱為“壓勝錢”。因大多數有花紋圖案、供賞玩,故民間俗稱為“花錢”、“玩錢”。厭勝錢上面的圖案有反映古代民俗的內容,所以又有學者將之稱作“民俗錢”。歷代厭勝錢官方與民間均有鑄造,但大都是民間私鑄。材料一般是金、銀、銅、錫、象牙,其中尤以銅質居多。厭勝錢主要用于饋贈、玩賞、配飾、卜卦、辟邪等,種類繁多,形制各異,是中國古代豐富多彩的貨幣寶庫中的一朵奇葩。厭勝錢是中國古錢與民風、民俗淵源關系的一種體現,上面的圖案多與歷史上的宗教信仰、民間藝術、社會風俗、神秘文化有關,具有很高的收藏和鑒賞價值。
In ancient Chinese coins, there are some informally used coins. Although they are cast into the shape of coins, they cannot perform the functions of currency. This is called smashing money, also known as "squeezing money." Because most of them have patterns and designs, they are popularly called "spending money" and "playing money". The patterns on the sizzling money reflect ancient folk customs, so some scholars call it "folk money". Throughout the dynasties, both the official and the folks have made castings, but most of them are private castings. The materials are generally gold, silver, copper, tin, and ivory, with copper in the majority. It is mainly used for gifts, entertainment, accessories, divination, and evil spirits. It has a wide variety of different shapes and is a wonderful flower in the rich and colorful currency treasure house in ancient China. Worrying money is a manifestation of the relationship between ancient Chinese money and folk customs and folk customs. The patterns above are mostly related to historical religious beliefs, folk art, social customs, and mysterious culture, and have high collection and appreciation value.
