清代咸豐時，由于太平軍興，外國列強(qiáng)勢力入侵欺侮日深，使清政府危機(jī)四起，財政枯竭。為籌軍餉，充國庫，清廷除鑄造咸豐小平錢外，還實行了大錢政策。咸豐三年（公元1853年），首先從戶部寶泉、工部寶源、福建寶福三局開鑄咸豐大錢。據(jù)《光緒順天府志》載：“咸豐三年，軍旅數(shù)起，餉需支絀，東南道路梗阻，滇銅不至，刑部尚書周祖培、大理寺卿恒春、御史蔡紹洛先后條陳錢法，請改鑄大錢以充庫支。下其議于戶部，時壽陽祁嶲藻權(quán)尚書，力贊成之。”同年六月十八日，《署閩浙總督王懿德折——報告福建開鑄大錢》曰：“臣督同司道再四熟籌，惟有仿照成法，從權(quán)辦理，于局內(nèi)添設(shè)兩爐，鼓鑄以一當(dāng)十、一當(dāng)二十、一當(dāng)五十、一當(dāng)一百各項大錢，與原設(shè)各爐鼓鑄時錢，相間行用。”于是，全國各省先后有28局開鑄咸豐大錢。咸豐帝在位時間雖短，僅十一年（公元1851—1861年），但鑄造的咸豐錢幣種類特別繁多，版式也特別紛雜。近年入錄華光普《中國古錢目錄》的咸豐通寶（以小平為主）和咸豐元寶各達(dá)200種以上，咸豐重寶則多達(dá)500多種；而入錄馬定祥《咸豐泉匯》的咸豐錢幣種類甚至多達(dá)數(shù)千種。致使當(dāng)時出現(xiàn)惡性通貨膨脹，這在世界錢幣史上也是極為少見的現(xiàn)象。在眾多繁雜的咸豐大錢中，粗劣者甚多，但精品亦不少，而且其母錢、樣錢也多于其他歷代各朝，故受后世集藏家厚愛。
During the Xianfeng period in the Qing Dynasty, due to the Taiping army, the powers of foreign powers invaded the deception, and the Qing government was in crisis and the finances were exhausted. In order to raise funds and fill the national treasury, the Qing court also implemented a big money policy in addition to casting Xianfeng Xiaoping. In the three years of Xianfeng (AD 1853), first of all, the Xianfeng Big Money was opened from the Baoquan of the Ministry of Housing, the Baoyuan of the Ministry of Industry, and the Baofu Bureau of Fujian. According to "Guangxu Shuntian Fuzhi" contains: "Xianfeng three years, the number of military troops, the need for support, the southeast road obstruction, the copper is not, the criminal department Shangshu Zhou Zupei, Dali Siqing Hengchun, Yushi Cai Shaoluo successive Chen Qianfa Please change the big money to fill the account. Under the discussion of the Ministry of Housing, the time of the Shouyang right, the book is in favor.” On June 18th, the same year,"The Governor of Fujian and Zhejiang Province, Wang Yide's Folding - Reporting Fujian's Opening of the Big Money": "The governor and the priest are re-cooked, but only in accordance with the law, from the right to handle, add two furnaces in the bureau, drumming in one, ten, one Twenty, one when fifty, one hundred and one hundred big money, and the original set of drums when casting money, and use it together." So, the provinces have 28 bureaus to open and cast Xianfeng big money. Although the time of the reign of Emperor Xianfeng was short, only 11 years (1851-1861 AD), but the variety of minted coins was particularly varied, and the layout was also very complicated. In recent years, Xianfeng Tongbao (mainly based on Xiaoping) and Xianfeng Yuanbao have entered more than 200 kinds of Huaguangpu's "Chinese Ancient Money Catalogue", and there are more than 500 kinds of Xianfeng heavy treasures; and Xianfeng, who was admitted to Ma Dingxiang's "Xianfeng Quanhui" There are even thousands of coins. This led to hyperinflation at the time, which is also extremely rare in the history of world coins. Among the many complicated Xianfeng big money, there are many poor people, but there are many fine products, and their mother money and sample money are more than other generations, so they are loved by collectors in the later generations.
在咸豐大錢中，當(dāng)以福建寶福局鑄造的最為典型。一是福建咸豐大錢設(shè)計品類最為奇特。分通寶、重寶兩大類型。福建咸豐通寶背有滿文紀(jì)局、漢文紀(jì)值等；紀(jì)值又分當(dāng)一十、當(dāng)二十、當(dāng)五十、當(dāng)一百。咸豐重寶背有滿文紀(jì)局、漢文紀(jì)值、漢文紀(jì)重；紀(jì)值又分當(dāng)一十、當(dāng)二十、當(dāng)五十、當(dāng)一百；紀(jì)重又分計重五錢、計重一兩、計重二兩五錢、計重五兩；紀(jì)重錢又分緣計重和肉計重兩個系列。福建寶福局緣計重錢幣是中國歷代古錢幣中絕無僅有的奇特品種，寶福局肉計重錢也頗具特色。福建咸豐重寶緣計重“二兩五錢”大錢，錢面文為“咸豐重寶”四個字，錢背內(nèi)廓由右往左直讀滿文“寶福”二字和由上往下直讀漢文“五十”二字；錢背外廊為由左往右、由上往下直讀漢文“二兩五錢”四字。錢文均為楷體，用筆雄勁挺秀，風(fēng)度超逸，有初唐楷書風(fēng)格；錢幣鑄作精工，錢穿邊緣和外廓邊緣一般呈單面鈄坡；幣質(zhì)以青銅、紫銅為主，偶見黃銅者乃后鑄。該品存世量不多。二是福建咸豐大錢較全國其他各局鑄的更厚重。因銅材缺乏及成本等原因，工、戶部及其他各省諸局所鑄大錢多有減重，但“福建素稱瘠區(qū)”，卻一般不減重，故朝廷稱贊福建鑄大錢“有成效”。咸豐四年（公元1854年）三月初三日，閩浙總督王懿德奏曰：“閩省大錢行之已久，未便照部儀減重。”福建咸豐通寶背滿文紀(jì)局“寶福”、漢文紀(jì)值“一百”大錢，分大、中、小型等；錢文為楷書，筆劃流暢挺秀，書法精湛絕倫；錢幣形體厚重，錢穿邊緣和外廓邊緣一般呈單面鈄坡，錢徑6.2~ 7.2厘米，大型特厚重者多達(dá)312.5克，它的重量甚至超過了其他各局當(dāng)五百、當(dāng)千的錢幣，傳聞是中國古代流通幣中最厚重的品種。該品較為珍稀。三是福建咸豐大錢大多銅質(zhì)優(yōu)良，以青銅、紫銅為主，偶有黃銅者，鑄工精湛，錢文多出自善書者或名家之手，其楷書或娟美雋秀，或雄勁蒼逸，可謂爭奇斗妍，琳瑯滿目，深為泉界的重視和青睞。馬定祥在其主編的《咸豐泉匯》中所言：“背滿文寶福、上下紀(jì)值、錢肉紀(jì)重之重寶錢，今見有一十．計重五錢、二十．計重一兩、五十．二兩五錢、一百．計重五兩共四種，均不多見，尤以五十、一百更珍稀。”咸豐大錢為中國古錢幣發(fā)展歷史寫下了既輝煌又豐富的一頁，也為后人收藏和研究古泉文化留下了珍貴的實物。
In the big money of Xianfeng, it is most typical when it is cast by Fujian Baofu Bureau. First, Fujian Xianfeng big money design category is the most peculiar. There are two major types of Tongbao and Baobao. Fujian Xianfeng Tongbao back has a Manchurian Bureau, the Chinese text, etc.; the value of the count is divided into ten, when twenty, when fifty, when one hundred. Xianfeng Zhongbao has a Manchurian Bureau, a Chinese-language, and a Chinese-language. The score is divided into ten, twenty, fifty, and one hundred. Jizhong divides five yuan and counts one or two. It is worth two or two yuan, and the weight is five or two; Jizhong has two series of weights and weights. Fujian Baofu Bureau is the only one of the unique varieties of ancient coins in China. Baofu Bureau has a special amount of money. Fujian Xianfeng’s heavy treasures count the “two or two money” big money, and the money face is the word “salty and heavy treasure”. The back of the money back reads the word “Baofu” from right to left and straight from top to bottom. Read the Chinese word "fifty"; the money back veranda is from left to right, from top to bottom, reading the Chinese word "two or five money". Qian Wen is a scorpion, with a pen and a strong show, the style is super-easy, there is a style of the early Tang dynasty; coins are cast as Seiko, the money wears the edge and the outer edge is generally a single-sided slope; the currency is mainly bronze, copper, and occasionally The brass is cast later. The product is not much in existence. Second, the wealth of Fujian Xianfeng was thicker than that of other bureaus in the country. Due to the lack of copper and the cost, the Ministry of Industry, the Ministry of Finance and other provinces have made a lot of money to lose weight, but "Fujian is known as the squatting area", but generally does not lose weight, so the court praised Fujian for making money "effective" . In the fourth year of Xianfeng (AD 1854), on the third day of March, the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang, Wang Yude, said: "The province has been spending a lot of money for a long time, and it has not been taken as a part of the weight loss." Fujian Xianfeng Tongbao is backed by the Bureau of Literature and Literature. Chinese literature, "one hundred" big money, divided into large, medium and small, etc.; Qian Wen is a script, the strokes are smooth and pretty, the calligraphy is exquisite; the money is thick and heavy, the money wears the edge and the outer edge is generally a single-sided slope, money The diameter is 6.2~7.2cm, and the large and extraordinarily heavy ones are as high as 312.5g. Its weight even exceeds that of other bureaus when it is five hundred and ten thousand coins. The rumor is the thickest variety among ancient Chinese currency. This product is rare. Third, Fujian Xianfeng big money is mostly copper, mainly bronze, copper, occasionally brass, casters exquisite, Qian Wen more from the book of good books or masters It can be described as a dazzling battle, full of dazzling, deep in the attention and favor of the spring. In his editor-in-chief of "Xianfeng Quanhui", Ma Dingxiang said: "With the rich treasures of Wenbaofu, the upper and lower ranks, and the heavy treasures of the money and meat, there are ten in the present. The weight is five yuan, twenty. Two, fifty, two, two, five, one hundred, five, two, four, are rare, especially fifty, one hundred more rare. "Xianfeng big money for the history of the development of Chinese ancient coins wrote a brilliant A rich page also left a precious object for the collection and research of ancient spring culture.
