【藏品名稱】：遼三彩瓷器
[collection name]: Liao three color porcelain
【藏品類別】：瓷器
[collection type]: porcelain
【藏品數量】：4件
[collection quantity]: 4 pieces
『遼 三彩貼塑寶相花三足蓋罐』
口徑：5.4cm；底徑：7.6cm；高：16cm
"Liao three color paste plastic baoxianghua three legged jar"Diameter: 5.4cm; bottom diameter: 7.6cm; height: 16cm
契丹民族于公元916年，在我國北方建立了一個強大的政權，創造了富有民族特色的燦爛文化，在我國陶器史上占有很重要的地位。人們把這種陶瓷器稱之為“遼瓷”。它繼承了“唐三彩”的傳統，故又稱之為“遼三彩”遼三彩遼代生產的低溫彩色釉陶制品。受唐三彩影響，遼代也燒這類品種。遼三彩多用黃、綠、褐三色釉，器型中的方碟、海棠花式長盤、雞冠壺、筒式瓶等，富有契丹民族的風格。其中赤峰缸瓦窯燒造量相對大一些，所燒三彩釉陶器胎質細軟，呈淡紅色，釉色嬌艷光潔，可與唐三彩媲美。裝飾手法有印花、劃花兩種，大凡盤、碟采用陽文印花，琢器采用劃花。與唐三彩的區別除胎土不同外，主要是遼三彩中無藍色，施釉不交融，釉面少流淌。
In 916 A.D., the Khitan nationality established a powerful regime in the north of China and created a splendid culture with national characteristics, which occupies a very important position in the history of China's pottery. People call this kind of ceramics "Liao porcelain". It inherits the tradition of "three colors of Tang Dynasty", so it is also called "three colors of Liao Dynasty". Influenced by the Tang Dynasty, the Liao Dynasty also burned this kind of variety. The three colors of Liao Dynasty mostly use yellow, green and brown glaze. The square dish, crabapple style long plate, cockscomb pot and cylinder bottle are of Khitan style. Among them, the firing volume of Chifeng VAT kiln is relatively large. The tri color glazed pottery is soft, light red, and its glaze is delicate and bright, which is comparable to that of the Tang Dynasty. There are two kinds of decoration techniques: printing and marking. The large plate and dish are printed in Yangwen, and the chisel is made by scribing. In addition to the difference between the three kinds of color of Tang Dynasty, the main difference is that there is no blue in the three colors of Liao Dynasty, the glaze is not blended, and the glaze surface is less flowing.
遼瓷最早燒制年代到底始于何時，尚無確切證據可考。但從有確切年代的墓葬出土的器物中，發現在遼穆宗應歷年（951-969）以前就已有了黃、綠單色釉陶器，可以斷定這時已經有三彩陶器。遼代三彩承襲了唐代傳統，是接受唐三彩傳統的一種低溫瓷式釉陶，胎質粗而較硬，呈灰黃白色或淡紅色。但質量不如唐三彩，但也有自己鮮明的時代特色。遼三彩在承襲了唐三彩傳統手法的基礎上，有了自己特點的發展，在我國陶瓷發展史上具有一定地位。
寶相花是我國紋飾的主題，主要是以動物和幾何圖形的紋飾為主。從魏晉南北朝開始，在佛教裝飾藝術的影響下，植物花卉題材的紋飾滲透到了包括陶瓷裝飾、建筑裝飾和金屬器皿裝飾等幾乎所有的藝術領域。佛教將蓮花視為圣潔、吉祥的象征，自南北朝開始，蓮花紋飾便被大量運用在了石窟裝飾藝術中。北朝時期的蓮花圖案以寫實造型為主，多選取正面俯視的角度來表現，中心為圓盤狀的蓮蓬，蓮瓣向四周均勻的呈多層放射狀排列。這種圖案發展演化到隋唐時期，造型更加飽滿。從花形看，除了蓮花，還有牡丹花的特征，花瓣多層次的排列，使圖案具有雍容華麗的美感。這種圖案又被稱為寶相花。隋唐以后寶相花廣泛流行于織錦、銅鏡以及瓷器的裝飾上，含有吉祥、美滿的寓意。是一種獨具我們民族特色的圖案紋樣。
There is no exact evidence to prove when the earliest firing date of Liao porcelain began. However, from the artifacts unearthed from tombs with exact dates, it is found that there were yellow and green monochrome glazed pottery before the calendar year (951-969) of muzong of Liao Dynasty. It can be concluded that there were tricolor pottery at that time. The three color glazed pottery of Liao Dynasty inherited the tradition of Tang Dynasty. It was a kind of low-temperature porcelain glazed pottery which accepted the tradition of Tang Tri Color Pottery. The embryo was thick and hard, and it was gray yellow white or light red. But its quality is not as good as that of the Tang Dynasty, but it also has its own distinctive characteristics of the times. On the basis of inheriting the traditional techniques of Tang tricolor, Liao tricolor has its own characteristics and has a certain position in the history of ceramic development in China.Baoxianghua is the theme of China's decorative patterns, mainly animal and geometric patterns. From the Wei, Jin, southern and Northern Dynasties, under the influence of Buddhist decorative art, the decorative patterns of plants and flowers penetrated into almost all art fields including ceramic decoration, architectural decoration and metal ware decoration. In the Northern Dynasty, the lotus has been used as a symbol of the holy lotus in the Northern Dynasty. In the Northern Dynasties, the lotus pattern is mainly realistic, and it can be expressed from the perspective of the front. The center of the lotus is a disk-shaped lotus canopy, and the lotus petals are evenly arranged in a multi-layer radial pattern. The development of this pattern evolved to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the shape is more full. From the flower shape, in addition to the lotus, there are peony features, petals arranged in multiple levels, so that the design has a graceful and gorgeous beauty. This pattern is also called Baoxiang flower. After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, baoxianghua was widely used in brocade, bronze mirror and porcelain decoration, with auspicious and happy implication. It is a unique pattern of our nation.
該器型端莊，開片自然，器表飾黃、綠、白三彩釉，色澤瑩潤，造型端莊。貼花工藝是遼代時期三彩器皿的裝飾特征之一。修胎嚴整規矩，器型挺拔端莊，釉質凝厚肥潤。貼塑手法飾有寶相花，整體品相完整，保存狀態上佳，含蓋尤其難得，三彩瓷屬高級瓷器收藏，存世少收藏價值極好，有很大的增值空間！07文職干部軍銜符號也用這個六瓣的寶相花。
The shape of the instrument is dignified and natural. It is decorated with yellow, green and white glaze. The color is bright and lustrous, and the shape is dignified. The technique of decal is one of the decorative features of the tri colored utensils in Liao Dynasty. Tire repair is strict and regular, the shape is straight and dignified, and the glaze is thick and fat. Three color porcelain belongs to the collection of high-grade porcelain, which is rare in the world. The collection value is excellent and has great value-added space! 07 civilian cadre rank symbol also uses this six petal Baoxiang flower.
高15cm，口徑5cm，足徑7cm
It is 15cm in height, 5cm in diameter and 7cm in foot diameter
壺仿魚形，造型設計巧妙。魚背部正中為一喇叭狀菊瓣花口，一側為提梁，已殘失。魚嘴為壺流。魚身、魚鰭、魚尾用不同的釉彩裝飾并刻劃不同的花紋，魚腹下飾一荷葉，托起魚體，荷葉下為平底實足。通體施黃、綠、白三色釉。此壺形體生動，色調淡雅，集模印、堆貼、刻劃工藝于一體，是遼代瓷器中之精品。
The pot is shaped like a fish and its shape is ingenious. There is a trumpet shaped chrysanthemum flower mouth in the middle of the back of the fish, and one side is a lifting beam, which has been lost. The mouth of the fish flows from a pot. The fish body, fin and tail are decorated with different glaze colors and carved with different patterns. A lotus leaf is decorated under the fish belly to hold up the fish body, and the bottom of the lotus leaf is solid foot. White and green glaze. This pot is vivid in shape and elegant in color. It integrates the process of pattern printing, stacking and engraving. It is one of the best porcelain wares in Liao Dynasty.
『遼 三彩劃花龍紋盤』
高2.3cm，口徑17.3cm，足徑12cm
"Liao San Cai Hua Hua Long Wen pan"The height was 2.3cm, the diameter was 17.3cm and the foot diameter was 12cm
盤折沿，邊沿處隆起一周，廣底，圈足。盤心褐色弦紋內刻劃一團龍，張口吐舌，龍身盤曲，龍爪伸張有力，形象威猛傳神。
此盤制作規整，設色濃重，黃色的騰龍在綠色的盤體襯托下醒目突出，是遼代三彩器的代表作品。
Fold along the edge of the uplift around, wide bottom, ring foot. A group of dragon is carved in the brown string pattern of the center of the plate. The mouth of the dragon is opened and the tongue is opened. The body of the dragon is coiled and the claws are stretched forcefully. The image is powerful and vivid.This plate is well-organized and heavily colored. The Yellow Tenglong stands out against the green one. It is the representative work of the three color ware of Liao Dynasty.
『遼 三彩印花海棠式盤』
高2.5cm，口徑30—17cm、足徑26—12cm
"Liao three color printing Begonia type plate"Height 2.5cm, diameter 30-17cm, foot diameter 26-12cm
長盤作八曲海棠式，折沿寬邊，平底。盤內模印花卉，口沿為卷枝紋，盤心以模印的水波紋為地，中央一線排列3朵蓮花。盤內紋飾以黃、綠、白釉三色施彩。
Long plate for eight curved Begonia type, fold along the broad side, flat bottom. In the plate, there are three lotus flowers in the center of the plate. Yellow, green and white glaze are used to decorate the plate.
