明清玉器千姿百態，造型各異。清代玉工善于借鑒繪畫、雕刻、工藝美術的成就，集陰線、陽線、鏤空、俏色等多種傳統做工及歷代的藝術風格之大成，又吸收了外來藝術影響并加以糅合變通，創造并發展了工藝性、裝飾性極強的治玉工藝，有著鮮明的時代特點和較高的藝術造詣。明清時期玉器與社會文化生活的關系日臻密切，爐、薰、瓶、鼎、簋等仿古造型的玉器層出不窮。玉質的茶酒具非常盛行。文人在書齋作畫、書寫，往往也用玉來做筆洗、水注、筆筒、墨床、鎮紙、臂擱等文具，或以玉器裝飾陳設。由于玉材的不同，琢玉工具和琢玉技巧的不同，加上審美情趣和風俗習慣的不同，每個時期玉器的造型及主題風格也是千姿百態各具特色。
Ming and Qing jades come in a variety of forms and shapes. Qing Dynasty jade workers are good at drawing on the achievements of painting, sculpture, arts and crafts, set Yin line, yang line, hollow, playful and other traditional workmanship and the art style of the past generations, but also absorbed the influence of foreign art and combined to make changes, creating and developing a very strong craft, decorative jade process, with distinct characteristics of the times and high artistic achievements. The relationship between jade and social and cultural life in the Ming and Qing periods is being closer and closer, and ancient jade such as furnaces, lavenders, bottles, dings and dragonflies are emerging. Jade tea and wine is very popular. Writers in the book jai painting, writing, often also use jade to do pen washing, water injection, pen barrel, ink bed, paper, arm shelving and other stationery, or jade decoration furnishings. Because of the difference of jade, the different tools and techniques of jade, coupled with the difference of aesthetic taste and customs, the shape and theme style of jade in each period is also unique.
乾隆孝粉玉碗是乾隆年間的一種玉碗，底部刻著篆字，上書“乾隆年制”，后有有人誤念成“乾隆孝粉”，因名字通俗易解而流傳。乾隆孝粉玉碗乃是乾隆皇帝他母親當時生病,經過御醫治療研發中藥必須配合玉器使用才能達到最佳療效。為此乾隆皇帝連夜命令工匠趕制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。后期被后人譽為“乾隆孝粉”。
Qianlong filial piety powder jade bowl is a kind of jade bowl in Qianlong years, the bottom engraved with the letter, on the book "Qianlong year system", after someone misread as "Qianlong filial piety powder", because the name is easy to spread. Qianlong filial piety powder jade bowl is Qianlong Emperor his mother was ill at that time, after the treatment and development of Chinese medicine must be used with jade in order to achieve the best results. To this end Qianlong Emperor overnight ordered artisans to make jade bowls - jade butterflies - jade cups - jade bottles and so on. Later by later people as "Qianlong filial powder."
此器，直徑：10.5cm高：4.0cm底直徑：5cm，圓唇直口，弧壁，圈足。石質細膩溫潤，琢工精細。
This instrument, diameter: 10.5cm, height: 4.0cm, bottom diameter: 5cm, round lip, straight mouth, arc wall, circle foot. The stone is delicate and warm, and the carving is fine.
碗的內外部有花紋，其材質十分精美，用燈光打照，整體十分通透，玉質光感強，底款用篆字刻寫“乾隆年制”，一般來說，主要是上等漢白玉，是宮廷御用之物，極少流落民間。“乾隆孝粉”因選用上等白玉制成，暗刻花紋，工藝十分復雜，就算在宮廷也是稀有之物，值得收藏。
There are patterns on the inside and outside of the bowl. The material of the bowl is very exquisite. It is illuminated by light. The jade is very transparent. The bottom of the bowl is engraved with seal characters "Qianlong year system". Generally speaking, it is mainly high-quality white white jade, which is used by the royal court and rarely found among the people. "Qianlong filial piety powder" is made of superior white jade, and the process is very complicated. Even in the palace, it is rare and worth collecting.
據歷史記載，當時乾隆出游，歷經一座小城。入一家餐館用餐。當時坐的位置靠窗，聽見對面叮叮的敲響聲。其撤頭看到一位老人在雕琢一件石獅子。手法相當熟悉，時日不長，一件栩栩如生的獅子變產生了。此獅子全身雪白，面部炯炯有神。當時乾隆爺就大加贊賞，派手下叫來了老石匠，以及他那件剛剛完成的石獅子。乾隆皇帝，用手觸摸了一下，手感細滑，質地像玉。其因為接觸得并不多，便問“你用的什么材質雕刻的？”老石匠答道，這石頭是一個朋友從新疆帶過來的，具體這一塊是什么材質我也說不出來。材質像玉，但是硬度比玉要軟。雕琢起來比玉更好上手。乾隆皇帝當時興起，跟老石匠說道，“此類材質你這邊還有么？”老石匠說還有一些，乾隆皇帝說那你給我雕刻一件。老石匠說我剩下的材質不多只能雕一件小件，您打算雕什么造型？前面說道乾隆皇帝喜歡瓷器于是講到，那么就做成盤的造型吧。老石匠領命后開始雕琢。不到半日一件碗的造型就雕刻好了。問乾隆爺要不要雕什么字體在上面。乾隆皇帝講到，底部就刻乾隆年制吧。此時，老石匠才知道，原來面前這位是當朝皇帝。老石匠想做的更美觀一點，就以篆體的形式刻出了“乾隆年制”。
According to historical records, Qianlong traveled through a small city at that time. Eat in a restaurant. At that time, I was sitting near the window, and I heard the tinkling sound on the opposite side. His head removed to see an old man carving a stone lion. The technique is quite familiar, and the time is not long, a vivid lion has been produced. The lion is snow-white and has a bright face. At that time, Emperor Qianlong highly praised him and sent his men to call for the old stonemason and his stone lion which had just been finished. Emperor Qianlong touched it with his hand. It felt smooth and smooth, and its texture was like jade. Because he did not have much contact with him, he asked, "what material do you use for carving?" The old stonecutter replied that this stone was brought by a friend from Xinjiang. I can't tell what material this piece is. The material is like jade, but its hardness is softer than jade. Carving is better than jade. Emperor Qianlong rose at that time and said to the old stonecutter, "do you still have this kind of material?" The old stonecutter said there were still some. Emperor Qianlong said that you could carve one for me. The old stonecutter said that I had only a small piece of material left. What shape would you like to carve? It was said that Emperor Qianlong liked porcelain, so he said, let's make it into a plate. The old stonecutter took orders and began to carve. In less than half a day, the shape of a bowl was carved. Ask Emperor Qianlong if he wants to carve any fonts on it. Emperor Qianlong said that the year system of Qianlong was engraved at the bottom. At this time, the old stonecutter knew that this was the emperor in front of him. The old stonecutter wanted to make it more beautiful, so he carved the "Qianlong year system" in the form of seal characters.
乾隆皇帝是我國古代最愛玉的帝王。歷史上再沒有哪位帝王，象乾隆帝那樣，對玉器的認識和研究投入如此大的精力。他愛玉、藏玉、甚至在玉器制作上親力親為。他在位期間是清宮收藏古玉最多的時期。
Emperor Qianlong was the emperor who loved jade most in ancient China. No emperor in history has invested so much energy in the understanding and research of jade, as Qianlongdi did. He loved jade, Tibetan jade, and even personally made jade. His time in the position was the period when the Qing Palace had the largest collection of ancient jade.
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