高足杯也稱馬上杯，它同于 高足碗 ，上為碗形，下有高柄。高足杯也稱把杯，外觀美麗，實(shí)用方便，是陶瓷中的典型器物。每個朝代的高足杯都有各自的 時代特征 。
Tall foot cup also calls immediately cup, it is same as tall foot bowl, top is bowl shape, have tall handle below. High - foot cup also known as the cup, beautiful appearance, practical and convenient, is a typical ceramic ware. Each dynasty's tall foot cup has its own characteristics.
元代青花瓷是我國陶瓷發(fā)展史上一個重要里程碑，是我國陶瓷史上一朵盛開的奇葩。元青花瓷是中華傳統(tǒng)文化、宗教藝術(shù)、伊斯蘭文化相互影響，并演繹出瓷器藝術(shù)風(fēng)格的大融合。元青花瓷的青料據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載采用的是“蘇麻離青”，其紋樣復(fù)雜工整秀麗，“蘇麻離青”的使用使得顏色沉穩(wěn)，色調(diào)也與整個內(nèi)斂的線條風(fēng)格相得益彰。元青花以其明快雅麗的繪畫圖案、豐富多彩的器物種類、氣度恢弘的審美神韻和科學(xué)復(fù)雜的裝燒工藝，在元代瓷器中獨(dú)樹一幟。
Blue and white porcelain of Yuan Dynasty is an important milestone in the history of China's ceramic development, and it is a wonderful flower in the history of China's ceramics. Yuan blue and white porcelain is a fusion of Chinese traditional culture, religious art and Islamic culture. According to the literature, the blue material of Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain is "Su Ma Li Qing". Its patterns are complex, neat and beautiful. The use of "Su Ma Li Qing" makes the color calm, and the tone complements the whole restrained line style. Yuan blue and white porcelain is unique in Yuan Dynasty porcelain because of its bright and elegant painting patterns, rich and colorful utensils, magnificent aesthetic charm and scientific and complex firing technology.
元青花瓷器使用的青料除了使用“蘇麻離青”即進(jìn)口鈷料之外，也使用國產(chǎn)鈷料。國產(chǎn)鈷料為高錳低鐵型青料，呈色青藍(lán)偏灰黑，僅用于中、小型器;進(jìn)口料為低錳高鐵型青料，呈色青翠濃艷，有鐵銹斑痕，用于大型、中型或小型元青花上。在部分器物上，也有國產(chǎn)料和進(jìn)口料并用的情況。元青花的紋飾最大特點(diǎn)是構(gòu)圖豐滿，層次多而不亂。筆法以一筆點(diǎn)劃多見，流暢有力;勾勒渲染則粗壯沉著。主題紋飾的題材有人物、動物、植物、詩文等。人物有高士圖(四愛圖)、歷史人物等;動物有龍鳳、麒麟、鴛鴦、游魚等;植物常見的有牡丹、蓮花、蘭花、松竹梅、靈芝、花葉、瓜果等;詩文極少見。
The blue materials used in Yuan Dynasty blue and white porcelain were not only imported cobalt materials, but also domestic cobalt materials. The domestic cobalt material is high manganese and low iron type green material, which is blue blue and gray black, and is only used for small and medium-sized equipment; the imported material is low manganese high iron type green material, which is green and rich in color and has rust marks, which is used for large, medium or small yuan blue and white. In some of the utensils, domestic and imported materials were used together. The most important feature of the blue and white patterns of Yuan Dynasty is that the composition is full and the layers are not disordered. The strokes are often seen in a single stroke, which is fluent and powerful; the outline rendering is robust and calm. The themes of the motifs are characters, animals, plants, poems and so on. The figures include the high scholar's picture (four love pictures), historical figures, etc.; the animals include dragon and Phoenix, Kirin, mandarin duck, swimming fish, etc.; the common plants are peony, lotus, orchid, pine and bamboo plum, Ganoderma lucidum, flowers and leaves, melons and fruits, etc.; poems and articles are very rare.
蘇麻離青這種進(jìn)口青料，含鐵量特別高，含錳量低，故稱“高鐵低錳”料。蘇麻離青發(fā)色深沉濃艷，在爐火氣氛好的情況下能燒出寶石般的色澤；含鐵量高容易使發(fā)色呈現(xiàn)深藍(lán)色，色料凝聚厚處會形成黑褐色的結(jié)晶斑點(diǎn)，在一定光線下有錫光色，而且呈三角形結(jié)晶，用手撫摸釉面凹凸不平。如果此處釉層薄會出現(xiàn)干澀、無光的現(xiàn)象；國產(chǎn)鈷料呈現(xiàn)一種色澤藍(lán)中帶灰，沒有黑褐色鐵銹結(jié)晶斑點(diǎn)；另一種發(fā)色清淡，有暈散現(xiàn)象，色澤幽雅；在進(jìn)口和國產(chǎn)兩種色料混合使用時，發(fā)色明快，呈色濃重與淡雅相間，具備兩種鈷料的特點(diǎn)。
Su ma from this kind of imported green material, iron content is particularly high, manganese content is low, so called "high iron low manganese" material. Su ma from the blue hair color deep and rich, in the good atmosphere of the fire can burn a gem like color and lustre; Iron content is high make hair color appears dark blue easily, the crystalline spot that color material condenses thick place to be able to form black brown, have tin light color below certain light, and show triangular crystal, touch glaze with the hand uneven. If the glaze layer here thin will appear dry, matte phenomenon; The cobalt material presented a kind of blue color with gray, no black - brown rust crystal spots; Another hair color is light, there is halo scattered phenomenon, color elegant; When used in the mixture of imported and domestic two kinds of color materials, the hair color is bright, thick and elegant, with the characteristics of two kinds of cobalt materials.
在瓷器上書寫詩文，目前所知，是從唐代長沙窯開始。宋代磁州窯繼承了長沙窯的這一傳統(tǒng)。到了元代，可能是受到磁州窯的影響，景德鎮(zhèn)在生產(chǎn)青花和釉里紅瓷器中，也在瓷器上書寫詩文。據(jù)現(xiàn)有資料，元代青花和釉里紅瓷器上書寫的詩文，一般與酒有關(guān)，如高安市博物館藏元青花詩文高足杯上，寫的是:“人生百年常在醉，算來三萬六千場。”
As far as we know, writing poems on porcelain began from Changsha kiln in Tang Dynasty. Cizhou kiln in Song Dynasty inherited the tradition of Changsha kiln. In the Yuan Dynasty, it was probably influenced by Cizhou kiln that Jingdezhen wrote poems on blue and white porcelain and underglaze red porcelain. According to the available information, the poems written on blue and white porcelain and underglaze red porcelain of Yuan Dynasty are generally related to wine. For example, on the Gaozu cup of blue and white poems of Yuan Dynasty collected by Gao'an City Museum, it says: "one has been drunk for a hundred years, and it comes to 36000 performances."
此藏品為青花詩文高足杯，傳世品～高:11cm，口徑:13cm，足高:5.6cm，足徑:4.2cm。該杯采用抖接成型。上部為碗形，口沿外撇，深腹稍外弧，杯心平坦，下承喇叭狀、竹節(jié)型高柄足，足中空，足端平切露胎。杯身與足部采用濕胎抖接工藝，有別于明代釉接。杯外壁繪二方連續(xù)折枝菊紋一周，內(nèi)壁口沿處卷草紋一圈，杯底心草書詩文，字體秀美，筆觸酣暢，一氣呵成，氣韻生動，頗具名家范。以文字詩句為裝飾題材，在元青花中可謂鳳毛麟角，高安窖藏高足杯中也僅此一件。本品完整無缺，青花著色力強(qiáng)，色澤明凈素雅，柔和自然。全器整體畫面筆觸清晰，線條流暢。技法規(guī)整，內(nèi)底書法一氣呵成，結(jié)體秀美，氣韻生動。在元代瓷器出土瓷片中也曾發(fā)現(xiàn)書寫幾乎同樣內(nèi)容詩句的高足杯殘片，此品其完整程度實(shí)屬當(dāng)今罕見的青花瓷珍品，彌足珍貴。釉面光潤似玉，麻倉土胎質(zhì)燒制現(xiàn)火石紅斑點(diǎn)，青花鈷料為蘇麻青離。極具觀賞價值與收藏價值。
This collection is a blue and white poem goblet, handed down to high: 11cm, caliber: 13cm, foot height: 5.6CM, foot diameter: 4.2cm. The cup is formed by shaking joint. The upper part is bowl-shaped, with the mouth curling outward, the deep abdomen slightly outer arc, the cup center is flat, and the lower part is trumpet shaped and slubby type, with hollow feet and flat ends. The cup body and foot are welded by wet tire, which is different from the glaze connection in Ming Dynasty. The outer wall of the cup is painted with two continuous broken branches and chrysanthemum patterns, and a circle of grass lines is rolled along the inner wall mouth. The cup bottom is in cursive script with beautiful font, fluent strokes and vivid charm. The decorative theme of poems and verses is very rare in the blue and white of Yuan Dynasty, and the Gaozu cup in Gao'an cellar is only one of them. This product is intact, blue and white color is strong, bright and pure, elegant, soft and natural. The strokes of the whole picture are clear and the lines are smooth. The technique is regular, and the calligraphy on the inner sole is completed in one breath. The structure is beautiful and the charm is vivid. In the porcelain pieces unearthed from Yuan Dynasty, fragments of Gaozu cup with almost the same content of poems were also found. The integrity of this piece is a rare blue and white porcelain treasure, which is precious. The glaze is smooth like jade, and the red spots of flint are found in the matrix of Machang soil, and the cobalt material of blue and white is Suma Qingli. It has great ornamental value and collection value.
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