宋代是我國陶瓷工藝和美學(xué)大發(fā)展的重要時期，黑釉瓷經(jīng)歷了近千年的發(fā)展，也終于迎來了大顯身手的高潮期。這與宋代點茶、斗茶的流行密切相關(guān)。
Song Dynasty is an important period for the great development of China's ceramic technology and aesthetics. After nearly a thousand years of development, black glazed porcelain has finally ushered in a climax. This is closely related to the popularity of ordering and fighting tea in Song Dynasty.
黑釉瓷器出現(xiàn)于東漢中、晚期，但當時的釉色為深褐綠色乃至黑色，釉層也薄厚不均，常有蠟淚痕，并在器表的底凹處聚集著很厚的釉層。早期燒制黑釉最成功的首推東晉時期浙江德清窯，所燒黑釉釉面滋潤、光亮，色黑如漆，可與漆器媲美。唐代黑釉較為盛行，宋代則是黑釉的高峰時期。明、清時期御器廠所燒黑釉器做工精細，多在純凈的黑釉上施以各種低溫色彩，黑釉則成為各種美麗顏色的襯托。
Black glazed porcelain appeared in East Hanzhong and the late period, but the glaze color at that time was dark brown green or even black, and the glaze layer was uneven in thickness, with wax tears, and a thick glaze layer gathered in the bottom concave of the surface. The most successful early firing of black glaze was the Deqing Kiln in Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhejiang Province. The fired black glaze was moist and bright, and its color was as black as lacquer, which was comparable to lacquer ware. Black glaze was popular in Tang Dynasty, and the peak period of black glaze was in Song Dynasty. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, the black glazed wares burned by Imperial Ware Factory were fine, and various low-temperature colors were applied to the pure black glaze, which became the foil of various beautiful colors.
宋代斗茶以茶湯乳花純白鮮明、著盞無水痕或咬盞持久、水痕晚現(xiàn)為勝，完全由視覺感官來驗定，因此，茶盞就要以易于觀察茶色、水痕為宜。黑釉瓷茶盞最適合斗茶之需。“茶色白，宜黑盞。建安所造者，紺黑如兔毫。其青白盞，斗試自不用。”從蔡襄的《茶錄》中可看出，由于飲茶方式和審美趣味的變化，唐朝陸羽衡量再三的青瓷、白瓷茶碗，到了宋朝，已不得不讓位黑瓷了。
Doucha in Song Dynasty won by pure white and bright milky flower of tea soup, no water mark or long-lasting bite, and water mark appeared late, which was completely verified by visual senses. Therefore, it is advisable for tea lamp to be easy to observe brown and water mark. Black glazed porcelain tea lamp is most suitable for fighting tea. "Brown white, should be black. Jian 'an's builders are as black as rabbits. It is green and white, and it is not necessary to fight. " From Cai Xiang's Tea Record, it can be seen that due to the change of tea drinking style and aesthetic taste, Lu Yu weighed celadon and white porcelain tea bowls repeatedly in Tang Dynasty, and had to give way to black porcelain in Song Dynasty.
兔毫盞是宋朝建窯最具代表的產(chǎn)品之一，漢族傳統(tǒng)制瓷工藝中的珍品。在黑色釉中透露出均勻細密的筋脈，因形狀猶如兔子身上的毫毛一樣纖細柔長而得名，民間稱“銀兔毫”、“金兔毫”、“藍兔毫”等。以其中的“銀兔毫”最為名貴，用兔毫盞沏茶，兔毫花紋在茶水里交相輝映，令人愛不釋手。
Rabbit filiform lamp is one of the most representative products of kiln construction in Song Dynasty, and is a treasure in traditional porcelain making process of Han nationality. Uniform and fine tendons are revealed in the black glaze, which is named after its slender and soft shape like the hairs on rabbits. Folk people call it "Silver Rabbit Hair", "Golden Rabbit Hair" and "Lan Tu Hair". Among them, "silver rabbit hair" is the most precious, and tea is made with rabbit hair, and the rabbit hair pattern is reflected in tea, which makes people fondle admiringly.
此件宋代黑釉茶盞：盞口微侈，外壁口沿下一圈微束，便于持取，精到考究，乃美觀與實用并舉之作。內(nèi)底平，外底承假圈足，足心淺挖，足際稍寬，修足規(guī)整。里外滿施黑釉，外壁釉不及底。口沿釉薄，一圈顯褐，脛部積釉，形成垂珠，紺黑黝黝，寶光外露。釉面析出兔毫紋，絲絲綿長，邊廓清晰，條達有力，毫色由金褐至銀藍，幽幽藍光，沁人心脾。歷來賞鑒建盞，毫色泛綠為佳，泛藍則為極品。底部露胎處，可見鐵褐色胎土，厚實穩(wěn)扎，可保持茶汁溫?zé)岫粻C手，極具收藏投資價值。
This Song Dynasty black glaze tea lamp: its mouth is slightly tiny, and its outer wall mouth is slightly bunched along the next circle, so it is easy to hold and exquisite. It is both beautiful and practical. The inner sole is flat, the outer sole bears the false circle foot, the foot center is shallow dug, the foot is slightly wider, and the foot is repaired regularly. Black glaze is applied inside and outside, and the glaze on the outer wall is not as good as the bottom. The glaze along the mouth is thin, with a circle showing brown, and the gaskin is glazed to form hanging beads, which are black and bare. Rabbit milli-pattern is precipitated on the glaze, with long silk, clear outline and strong stripe. The milli-color ranges from golden brown to silver blue, with faint blue light, which is refreshing. It has always been appreciated to build a lamp, and it is better to have green color and blue color. Iron brown tire soil can be seen at the exposed tire at the bottom, which is thick and firm, can keep the tea juice warm and not hot, and has great collection and investment value.
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣于藝品在線商城平臺中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說，這件茶盞是祖上傳下來的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見珍品，特邀其持這件茶盞參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割愛愿將此件茶盞委托本公司代其通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進行尋找買家。如對此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進行洽談。
This collection is now displayed and sold on the platform of the online art mall. According to the treasure holder, this tea lamp was handed down from the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a peerless boutique. When our company learned that it has this rare treasure, we invited it to take this tea lantern to participate. The current treasure holder has difficulty in capital turnover. I am willing to entrust this tea lamp to our company to find buyers through online media. If you are interested in collecting this collection, you can call the company's telephone number: 400 686 3616 for negotiation.
