銅是人類最早運(yùn)用的一種金屬，中國(guó)古銅器的冶鑄大約始于原始社會(huì)末期，距今已有五千多年的歷史。古銅器包含酒器、食器、水器、陪嫁、欣賞和日常日子用器等。銅是人類最早運(yùn)用的一種金屬，從孔雀石中提煉出來(lái)純銅，因是紅色而叫紅銅。
Copper is one of the earliest metals used by human beings. The smelting of ancient copper vessels in China began at the end of primitive society, with a history of more than 5,000 years. Ancient bronze ware includes wine ware, food ware, water ware, dowry ware, appreciation ware and daily ware. Copper is the earliest use of a kind of metal, from malachite refined copper, because it is red and called red copper.
清朝是制造仿古銅器的鼎盛期，但無(wú)論在用途上，仍是性質(zhì)上，清代銅器與商周時(shí)期的青銅器都是天壤之別的。商周時(shí)期，青銅器是貴族世家的標(biāo)志，貴族為了弘揚(yáng)祖德、刻紀(jì)功烈，鑄造銅器并記錄在銘文中。清乾隆時(shí)期宮中先后設(shè)立了銅作和爐作，很多制造各種銅器，以為內(nèi)廷陳設(shè)、佛堂供奉、太廟郊?jí)冗\(yùn)用。尤以康熙朝宮殿仿古器最盛，這當(dāng)然與康熙帝博雅好古的性格與情懷有關(guān)。其時(shí)制造的仿古銅器造型與原器相似，如鼎、觚、爵、壺、碗等。紋飾則有承繼也有創(chuàng)新，器物上常見(jiàn)的紋飾有龍紋、卷云紋、浪斑紋、花卉紋、變形獸面紋、變形夔紋、回紋，這些紋飾有的在商周青銅器上沒(méi)有呈現(xiàn)，有的圖形發(fā)生了必定的變化。器物上常鑄有“大清康熙年制”銘文。銅器的鑄造辦法仍然沿襲古代的失蠟法。
The qing dynasty is the peak period of making archaize bronze, but no matter in the use, is still the nature, the qing dynasty bronze and shang and zhou period bronze is a world of difference. During the shang and zhou dynasties, bronze ware was the symbol of the noble family. In order to carry forward the virtues of zu DE and record their achievements, the nobles cast bronze ware and recorded it in inscriptions. During the reign of emperor qianlong of the qing dynasty, the palace set up copper work and furnace work successively, and many kinds of copper wares were made, which were used for the display of the inner court, the worship of the buddhist hall and the suburban altar of the taimiao. Especially in the kangxi palace archaize the most prosperous, which of course with the kangxi emperor boya good ancient character and feelings. At that time, the shape of archaize bronze ware made is similar to the original ware, such as ding, gu, jue, pot, bowl and so on. The patterns are inherited and innovated. The common patterns on the wares are dragon patterns, cloud patterns, wave patterns, flower patterns, deformed animal patterns, deformed kui patterns and back patterns. Some of these patterns are not shown on the shang and zhou bronzes, and some patterns have certain changes. The inscriptions of "the reign of emperor kangxi of the qing dynasty" are often cast on the utensils. The method of copper casting still follows the ancient method of losing wax.
到了清代，這一鑄造技藝已精進(jìn)，可以制造出各種雜亂的造型，并且形體標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，端莊精致。裝修辦法亦多種多樣，有鏨刻、鏤空、燒古、鎏金銀、嵌金銀絲、灑金等，在承繼的同時(shí)又力求開(kāi)展。在器物的皮色方面更是變化多端，造辦處檔案記載的就有石青斑、石綠斑、朱砂斑、豬肝色、銅綠色、茶葉末色、翡翠綠、蟹殼青及鱔魚(yú)黃等。
By the qing dynasty, this casting technology has been refined, can create a variety of messy shape, and the body standard, dignified and delicate. Decorate a method to also have a variety of diversity, chisel is cut, hollow out, burn ancient, fine gold silver, inlaid gold and silver silk, aspersion gold to wait, in inherit while do one's best to begin again. In terms of the leather color of the wares, there are many changes, such as stone green spot, stone green spot, vermilion spot, pig liver color, copper green, tea final color, emerald green, crab shell blue and eel yellow.
此組清晚期銅勺一套，色澤柔軟溫潤(rùn)，從中可以領(lǐng)會(huì)清代宮殿銅器的精巧考究，以及古意盎然的的韻味。此件小銅勺是清代制造，保存無(wú)缺，取材于老銅精制而成，是廣大藏家不可錯(cuò)過(guò)的佳品。
This set of bronze spoons in the late Qing Dynasty is soft and warm in color, from which we can understand the exquisite and elegant bronze wares of the Qing Dynasty palaces and their ancient charm. This small copper spoon was made in Qing Dynasty. It is well preserved and refined from old copper. It is a good product that collectors can't miss.
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