粉彩花鳥描金冬瓜罐
Pink flowers and birds with golden gourd
口徑：9cm’高：29cm’底徑：12.9cm
Cal .9 cm' High :29 cm' Bottom diameter :12.9 cm
粉彩瓷是琺瑯彩之外，清宮廷又一創(chuàng)燒的彩瓷。在燒好的胎釉上施含砷物的粉底，涂上顏料后用筆洗開，由于砷的乳蝕作用顏色產(chǎn)生粉化效果。粉彩瓷在眾多的清宮廷粉彩瓷中，慈禧粉彩簡(jiǎn)單率直，濃筆艷抹，富貴豪華而別具一格。紅鳥牡丹富貴罐是其風(fēng)格的經(jīng)典之作。此后，有君王之才的袁世凱于1915年底稱帝，年號(hào)“洪憲”。喻其大法制，倡導(dǎo)國(guó)民新生活，公正透明等。按慣例，新皇帝即位要燒新瓷貢賀。袁世凱粉彩玉壺春瓶，采用瓷石作胎，模具成型，材質(zhì)單一，稀薄透光。袁世凱瓷已完全失去了古陶瓷胎體的內(nèi)部活力，完全依賴顏料和技法，猶如在尸體上化妝，沒有了整體的生命的活性。
Pink porcelain is enamel color, Qing Gong Ting another creation of colored porcelain. The arsenic-containing foundation was applied to the burnt glaze and washed with a pen after coating the pigment. Pink porcelain in many Qing Gong Ting powder porcelain, Cixi powder color simple straight, thick pen Yan wipe, rich and luxurious and unique. Red bird peony rich pot is its style classic. After that, Yuan Shikai, who had the talent of a king, became emperor at the end of 1915, and was named "Hong Xian ". Yu its great legal system, advocating a new life, fair and transparent, and so on. As usual, the new emperor should burn new porcelain tribute. Yuan Shikai pink jade pot spring bottle, made of porcelain stone Fetal, mold molding, single material, thin and transparent. Yuan Shikai porcelain has completely lost the internal vitality of the ancient ceramic carcass, relying entirely on pigments and techniques, as if makeup on the body, without the overall life activity.
粉彩瓷裝飾畫法上的洗染，吸取了各姐妹藝術(shù)中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)，采取了點(diǎn)染與套色的手法，使所要描繪的對(duì)象，無論人物，山水，花卉，鳥蟲都顯得質(zhì)感強(qiáng)，明暗清晰，層次分明。采用的畫法既有嚴(yán)整工細(xì)刻畫微妙的工筆畫，又有滲入淋漓揮灑，簡(jiǎn)潔洗練的寫意畫，還有夸張變形的裝飾畫風(fēng)。甚至把版畫，水彩畫，油畫以及水彩畫等姐妹藝術(shù)都加以融匯運(yùn)用，精微處，絲毫不爽；豪放處，生動(dòng)活潑。粉彩的繪制，一般要經(jīng)過打圖，升圖，做圖，拍圖，畫線，彩料，填色，洗染等工序。其中從打圖到拍圖，是一個(gè)用墨線起稿，進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作構(gòu)思，如繪瓷決定裝飾內(nèi)容與形象構(gòu)圖的階段。正式繪制時(shí)的定稿叫“升圖”，把描過濃墨的圖樣從瓷器上拍印下來叫“做圖”。接著把印有墨線的圖紙轉(zhuǎn)拍到要正式繪制的瓷胎上去即“拍圖”，這樣就可進(jìn)行繪瓷。粉彩的描繪，著色技法是比較復(fù)雜細(xì)致的，一般如畫，彩，填，洗，扒，吹，點(diǎn)等技法。其所用工具有畫筆，填筆，洗筆，彩筆，篤筆，赤金筆，金水筆，瑪瑙筆，扒筆等許多特制筆。
The washing and dyeing of the decorative painting of pink porcelain absorbs the nutrition of each sister's art, and adopts the technique of spot dyeing and color setting, so that the objects to be described, no matter the characters, mountains and rivers, flowers, birds and insects, appear strong texture, clear light and dark. The method of painting is not only strict and detailed description of subtle fine brushwork, but also infiltration dripping, simple wash freehand brushwork, and exaggerated and deformed decorative painting style. Even printmaking, watercolor painting, oil painting and watercolor painting and other sister art are used, subtle, not cool; bold, lively. Pink drawing, generally through drawing, drawing, drawing, drawing line Color, color filling, washing and dyeing processes. From drawing to drawing, it is a stage of writing with ink line, such as porcelain drawing to determine decorative content and image composition. The final version of the formal drawing is called "ascending map ", and the drawing of the thick ink is printed from the porcelain and called" drawing ". Then the ink line of the drawings transferred to the formal drawing of the porcelain tire, that is ," drawing ", so that porcelain can be painted. Pink painting, coloring techniques are more complex and meticulous, such as painting, color, filling, washing, brazing, blowing, point and other techniques. It uses brush, pen, brush, color pen, pen, red gold pen, gold water pen, agate Pen, pick pen and many other special pens.
冬瓜罐 罐式之一。因器身形似冬瓜而名。清道光朝新創(chuàng)器型，收口豐肩，器身呈高筒形。器有大小：大器分有蓋與無蓋兩種，小器均無蓋。以粉彩器為常見，多以瓜蝶和白菜等為飾。民窯器，有豆青釉青花和信哥釉品種。其形制始見于湖北武漢龍泉明永樂年間楚昭王墓出土物，此后歷朝未再見這一造型，至清代道光朝再度出現(xiàn)并成為晚清時(shí)極為流行的器形。道光、咸豐時(shí)蓋鈕似寶珠，同治以后則呈燭焰式。
One of the pots of winter melon. Because the body looks like winter melon and famous. Qingdao light towards the new type, close shoulder, the body is high tube shape. The device has size: the big instrument has cover and no cover two kinds, the small device
has no cover. To whitewash as a common, more to melon butterflies and cabbage as ornaments. Min kiln ware, bean green glaze blue and white flowers and Xinge glaze varieties. The shape was first found in the tomb unearthed in Yongle years of Longquan Ming in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Since then, the Daoguang Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty has reappeared and became a very popular form in the late Qing Dynasty. Daoguang, Xianfeng when the cover button like a pearl, after the treatment of candle flame.
罐是特定時(shí)期的產(chǎn)物，看上去似乎有其偶然性，其實(shí)，乃是中華文明的必然，是罐文化演繹的必然，是“萬般皆下品，唯有讀書高”思想發(fā)展的必然。中國(guó)人歷來主張清白做人，歷來敬重大清官，歷來信奉“學(xué)而優(yōu)則仕”，明代罐上折射出的，正是這樣一種意思和心態(tài)。
Can is the product of a specific period, it seems to have its contingency, in fact, is the necessity of Chinese civilization, is the inevitable interpretation of can culture, is "all things are inferior, only reading high" thought development is inevitable. The Chinese have always advocated a clean man, always respected important officials, always believed in "learning and excellence ," the Ming Dynasty can reflect, is such a meaning and mentality.
