蛇紋石玉，亦稱岫玉，多產自遼寧省鞍山市岫巖縣而得名，與和田玉、藍田玉、獨山玉并稱為中國四大名玉。蛇紋石玉是人類最早認識和利用的玉石品種，在中國距今約7000年的新石器文化遺址中出土了大量的蛇紋石玉器。
Serpentine jade, also known as Xiuyan jade, comes from Xiuyan County, Anshan City, Liaoning Province, and is called the four famous jade in China together with Hetian jade, lantian jade and dushan jade. Serpentine jade is the earliest jade variety recognized and utilized by human beings, and a large number of serpentine jade articles have been unearthed in Neolithic cultural sites about 7000 years ago in China.
蛇紋石玉（岫玉）在自然界分布廣泛，因產地不同而有不同的玉石名稱，如廣東的信宜玉、廣西的陸川玉、甘肅的酒泉玉、新疆的昆侖玉，以及美國、新西蘭和阿富汗的鮑文玉等等。岫玉是中國古老的傳統玉種，在一萬多年前，遼寧海城小孤山文化遺址中有岫玉制成的砍鑿器，漢代的金縷玉衣大部分也是由岫玉片制成的。
Serpentine jade (Xiuyu jade) is widely distributed in nature, with different jade names due to different origins, such as Xinyi jade in Guangdong, Luchuan jade in Guangxi, Jiuquan jade in Gansu, Kunlun jade in Xinjiang, Bao Wenyu in the United States, New Zealand and Afghanistan, and so on. Xiuyu jade is an ancient traditional jade species in China. More than 10,000 years ago, there were cutting tools made of Xiuyu jade in Xiaogushan Cultural Site in Haicheng, Liaoning Province. Most of the golden jade garments in Han Dynasty were also made of Xiuyu pieces.
乾隆皇帝是我國古代最愛玉的帝王。歷史上沒有任何一位帝王能如乾隆帝那樣，對玉器的認識和研究投入如此大的精力。他愛玉、藏玉、甚至在玉器制作上親力親為，乾隆皇帝對玉的癡迷，促使“乾隆玉”成為18世紀中國玉的代名詞，乾隆玉也成為中國古代玉器發展進程中最耀眼的明珠。
Emperor Qianlong was the emperor who loved jade most in ancient China. No emperor in history has devoted so much energy to the understanding and research of jade as Emperor Qianlong did. Emperor Qianlong was obsessed with jade, which made Qianlong jade synonymous with Chinese jade in the 18th century. Qianlong jade became the most dazzling pearl in the development of ancient Chinese jade.
此件清代喜字瑞獸雙魚玉盤為乾隆玉，直徑20厘米，厚度中間1厘米，材質四大名玉蛇紋石玉。重量1060.82克，玉盤善于借鑒繪畫、雕刻、工藝美術成就，集陰線、陽線、平凸、隱起、俏色、等多種傳統做工及后代的藝術風格。瑞獸：螭虎。四喜意義：杜甫詩文名曰《四喜》，它總結了人生最高興的四件事，久旱逢甘雨，他鄉遇故知，洞房花燭夜，金榜題名時。雙魚是佛教吉祥之一，玉盤則反映當時清代玉器的極盛，民族風俗。玉盤紋理極為優美，極其精致，呈現出自然奔放、熱情活潑的藝術效果。就仿佛是一幅油畫，美得動人心魄，是眾多大收藏家最為鐘愛的藏品，藏品的收藏價值極高，是絕世寶物。溫潤的玉材均不作任何人為沁色，規整的器形端莊雅致，充分體現了乾隆時期的審美趣味，是當時的杰作。且出自大師之手，其紋理極其優雅大氣，是皇室御用之物象征。
This jade plate of the Qing Dynasty, which is happy with the word Ruishou Pisces, is a dry dragon jade with a diameter of 20 cm and a thickness of 1 cm in the middle. It is made of four famous jade serpentine jade. Weighing 1,060.82 grams, the jade plate is good at drawing lessons from the achievements of painting, carving and arts and crafts, and integrates various traditional workmanship and artistic styles of future generations, such as yin line, yang line, flat convex, hidden and pretty color. Beast: the tigress. Significance of Four Seasons: Du Fu's poems are called Four Seasons, which sum up the four happiest things in life, such as long drought and sweet rain, meeting old friends in other places, wedding night and to be no.1 time. Pisces is one of the good fortune of Buddhism, while jade plate reflects the prosperity of jade articles and national customs in Qing Dynasty. The texture of the jade plate is extremely beautiful and exquisite, showing the artistic effect of natural and unrestrained, warm and lively. It's like an oil painting, which is fascinating and is the favorite collection of many big collectors. The collection value of the collection is extremely high, and it is a peerless treasure. The warm jade materials do not have any artificial color, and the regular shape is dignified and elegant, which fully embodies the aesthetic taste of Qianlong period and is a masterpiece at that time. And from the master's hand, its texture is extremely elegant and atmospheric, which is a symbol of the royal family.
蛇紋石的寶石學特征，礦物組成：主要是蛇紋石，伴生礦物有白云石、菱鎂礦、透閃石、滑石、綠泥石等，這些伴生礦物的含量變化很大，并對蛇紋石的質量有明顯的影響。結構構造：通常是均勻的致密塊狀，蛇紋石顆粒十分細小，僅在高倍顯微鏡下才可見到纖維狀、細粒狀形態。所以，玉質細膩，手感滑膩。
Gemmological characteristics and mineral composition of serpentine are mainly serpentine, with associated minerals such as dolomite, magnesite, tremolite, talc, chlorite, etc. The content of these associated minerals varies greatly and has obvious influence on the quality of serpentine. Structure and structure: It is usually uniform and dense, with very fine serpentine particles, which can only be seen in fibrous and fine granular form under high power microscope. Therefore, the jade is delicate and smooth.
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