在中國瓷器發(fā)展史上，琺瑯彩瓷是極為名貴的品種，也是我國陶瓷裝飾藝術(shù)中的一朵奇葩。尤其在清代，琺瑯彩瓷一直是專為宮廷御用而特制的一種精細(xì)彩繪瓷器，更是“庶民弗得一窺”的御用品，其瓷質(zhì)細(xì)潤、色澤鮮艷，與宋汝瓷、元青花并駕齊驅(qū)，被稱為“世界上最奢侈的藝術(shù)品”。
In the history of Chinese porcelain development, enamel color porcelain is an extremely valuable variety, and it is also a strange flower in China's ceramic decoration art. especially in the Qing Dynasty, enamel colored porcelain has always been a kind of fine painted porcelain specially designed for court imperial use. It is also a royal product for the "public people to get a glimpse". Its porcelain is fine and bright in color, with Songruci and Yuan Qinghua. Along with each other, It is called "the world's most luxurious art."
琺瑯，又稱“佛郎”“法藍(lán)“”，其實(shí)又稱景泰藍(lán)，是一外來語的音譯詞。琺瑯一詞源于中國隋唐時(shí)古西域地名拂菻。當(dāng)時(shí)東羅馬帝國和西亞地中海沿岸諸地制造的搪瓷嵌釉工藝品稱拂菻嵌 或佛郎嵌、佛朗機(jī)，簡化為拂菻。出現(xiàn)景泰藍(lán)后轉(zhuǎn)音為發(fā)藍(lán)，后又為琺瑯。1918～1956年，琺瑯與搪瓷同義合用。1956年中國制訂搪瓷制品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，琺瑯改定為琺瑯，作為藝術(shù)搪瓷的同義詞。
Enamel, also known as "Buddha Lang" and "Fa Lan", is actually called cloisonne, which is a transliteration of loanwords. The word enamel originated from the ancient Western Region place name Fu Hong in Sui and Tang Dynasties in China. At that time, the enamel inlaying crafts made in the Eastern Roman Empire and the Mediterranean coastal areas of West Asia were called Fu-Fu inlay, Buddha-Lang inlay and Buddha-Lang machine, which were simplified as Fu-Fu. When cloisonne appears, it turns into blue and then enamel. From 1918 to 1956, enamel was used synonymously with enamel. In 1956, China formulated the standard of enamel products, and changed enamel to enamel, which is synonymous with artistic enamel.
琺瑯彩瓷的特點(diǎn)是瓷質(zhì)細(xì)潤，彩料凝重，色澤鮮艷靚麗，畫工精致。制作琺瑯彩瓷極度費(fèi)工，乾隆以后就銷聲匿跡了。康熙的琺瑯彩瓷大多作規(guī)矩寫生的西番蓮和纏枝牡丹，有花無鳥，顯得 單調(diào)。而雍正以花卉圖案居多，山水、人物也有。當(dāng)時(shí)尤為突出的是畫面上配以相呼應(yīng)的題詩。雍正時(shí)這些題詩的書法極佳，并于題詩的引首、句后配有朱文和白文的胭脂水或抹紅印章，其 印面文字又往往與畫面及題詩內(nèi)容相配合，如畫竹的用“彬然”、“君子”章；畫山水的用“山高”、“水長”章；畫梅花的用“先春章等。
Enamel color porcelain is characterized by fine porcelain quality, dignified color materials, bright and beautiful colors and exquisite painters. Making enamel color porcelain is extremely labor-intensive, and it disappeared after being lengthened. Most of Kangxi's enamel porcelain is made of passion fruit and peony with bound branches, which are monotonous with flowers and no birds. Yongzheng is dominated by flower patterns, landscapes and figures. At that time, it was particularly prominent that the pictures were matched with corresponding poems. The calligraphy of these poems in Yongzheng was excellent, and they were equipped with rouge water or red seals of Zhu Wen and Bai Wen at the beginning and after the sentences of the poems. The printed words often matched the pictures and the contents of the poems, such as painting bamboo with "Bin Ran" and "Gentleman" chapters; Painting landscapes with "mountain height" and "water length" chapters; Painting plum blossom with "spring chapter first, etc.
當(dāng)年，不僅是琺瑯彩瓷成品，就連被砸碎的瓷片也不能有一片外流民間。在紫禁城中，掩埋碎瓷片也曾是太監(jiān)們的一項(xiàng)日常工作。據(jù)記載，宮內(nèi)所使用的瓷器，即便破損了，也不能隨便處置，必須找專門的地方掩埋。故宮博物院成立后，在院內(nèi)施工時(shí)，曾挖出過大量各個(gè)年代的陶瓷碎片，證實(shí)了這一記載。
In those days, not only the finished enamel porcelain products, but also the smashed porcelain pieces could not have an outflow to the people. In the Forbidden City, burying broken porcelain pieces was once a daily job of eunuchs. According to records, even if the porcelain used in the palace is damaged, it cannot be disposed of casually, and it must be buried in a special place. After the establishment of the Palace Museum, a large number of ceramic fragments of different ages were excavated during the construction in the Palace Museum, which confirmed this record.
這件琺瑯彩蓋罐高23.5cm，口徑5.5cm，足徑6cm，是乾隆時(shí)期的作品。琺瑯彩是宮廷內(nèi)窯燒彩，采用西洋進(jìn)口的材料進(jìn)行制作，釉色有黃、藍(lán)、綠、紅為主，特別是紅彩是采用進(jìn)口的黃金紅，也就是胭脂紅，綠色是松石綠，很有特色，工藝精美，紋飾精美，紋路清晰，其潔白細(xì)膩的胎質(zhì)，瑩潤如玉的釉面，明快艷麗的色調(diào)以及精湛絕倫的繪畫技巧充分體現(xiàn)出皇家宮廷御用器之精美，具有極高的文化價(jià)值和收藏價(jià)值。底書“大清乾隆年制”篆書款，十分珍貴，值得收藏。
This enamel color cover jar is 23.5cm high, 5.5cm in diameter and 6cm in foot diameter. It is a work of Qianlong period. Enamel color is produced by kiln in court, which is made of western imported materials. The glaze colors are mainly yellow, blue, green and red, especially the red color is imported golden red, which is carmine, and the green color is turquoise green. It is very distinctive, exquisite in craftsmanship, exquisite in decoration and clear in grain. Its white and delicate fetal quality, jade-like glaze, bright and gorgeous color and superb painting skills fully reflect the royal court royal instruments. The seal script of the basic book "Qing Qianlong Year System" is very precious and worth collecting.
在清代，琺瑯彩瓷的制作極費(fèi)工時(shí)，成本極高，產(chǎn)量很小，且全部由皇家壟斷，民間沒有留存。如今，存世的琺瑯彩瓷珍藏于臺(tái)北故宮博物院、北京故宮等少數(shù)博物館之外，尚有少量零散收藏在世界各地博物館和私人手中，均極為罕見。
In the Qing Dynasty, the production of enamel porcelain was extremely time-consuming, extremely costly, and the output was very small, and all of them were monopolized by the royal family, but the folk did not keep them. Nowadays, the enamel porcelain preserved in the world is collected outside a few museums such as the National Palace Museum in Taipei and the National Palace Museum in Beijing, and there are still a few scattered collections in museums and private hands all over the world, which are extremely rare.
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣于藝品在線商城平臺(tái)中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說，這件瓷器是祖上傳下來的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見珍品，特邀其持這件瓷器參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割愛愿將此件瓷器委托本公司代其通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進(jìn)行尋找買家。如對(duì)此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進(jìn)行洽談。
This collection is now displayed and sold on the platform of the online art mall. According to the treasure holder, this porcelain was handed down from the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a peerless boutique. When our company learned that it has this rare treasure, we invited it to hold this porcelain to participate. The current holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. I am willing to entrust this porcelain to our company to find buyers through online media. If you are interested in collecting this collection, you can call the company's telephone number: 400 686 3616 for negotiation.
