汝窯,為冠絕古今之中國(guó)瓷器名窯,是宋代“汝、官、哥、鈞、定”五大名窯之一。在中國(guó)文明發(fā)展史上,宋代文化占有極其重要的歷史地位,汝瓷文化是宋代文化的一個(gè)重要組成部分。瓷窯工匠以名貴的瑪瑙入釉,燒成了具有“青如天,面如玉,蟬翼紋,晨星稀,芝麻支釘釉滿足”典型特色的汝瓷。它以其工藝精湛、造型秀美、釉面蘊(yùn)潤(rùn)、高雅素凈的風(fēng)韻而獨(dú)具風(fēng)采,在我國(guó)青瓷發(fā)展史上,是一個(gè)劃時(shí)代的重要標(biāo)志。
Ru kiln is one of the five famous kilns in Song Dynasty. In the history of Chinese civilization, Song Dynasty culture occupies an extremely important historical position, Ru porcelain culture is an important part of Song Dynasty culture. The craftsmen of the porcelain kilns put the precious agate into the glaze and fired the Ru porcelain with the typical characteristics of "as green as the sky, as jade as the surface, cicada wing pattern, rare morning stars, and sesame branch nail glaze meeting the requirements". It is a landmark in the development history of China's celadon because of its exquisite craftsmanship, beautiful shape, rich glaze, elegant and simple charm.
汝窯器物多仿青銅器及玉器造型,主要有出戟尊、玉壺春瓶、膽式瓶、樽、洗等。釉色主要有天青、天藍(lán)、淡粉、粉青、月白、天藍(lán)色等,世稱“天青為貴,粉青為尚,天藍(lán)彌足珍貴”,釉層薄而瑩潤(rùn),釉泡大而稀疏,有“寥若晨星”之稱。汝瓷開片堪稱一絕,實(shí)際上開片的形成在一開始是器物于高溫焙燒下產(chǎn)生的一種釉表缺陷,汝窯工匠們將這種難以控制的、千變?nèi)f化的釉病,通過(guò)人為的操作干預(yù)轉(zhuǎn)化為一種自然美妙的裝飾,而且控制得恰到好處,可謂巧奪天工的絕活。
Most of the wares in Ru kiln imitated bronze and jade shapes, mainly including halberd Zun, jade pot spring bottle, gall bottle, bottle, washing, etc. The glaze colors mainly include azure, sky blue, light powder, pink blue, moon white, sky blue, etc., which are known as "sky blue is precious, pink green is still, sky blue is precious". The glaze layer is thin and shiny, and the glaze bubbles are large and sparse, so it is called "rare as the morning star". Ru porcelain open piece can be called a unique, in fact, the formation of the open piece at the beginning is a kind of glaze surface defect caused by the high-temperature baking. The craftsmen of Ru kiln transformed this uncontrollable and ever-changing glaze disease into a kind of natural and beautiful decoration through artificial operation intervention, and it can be said that it is a marvelous skill to control it properly.
其釉面布滿細(xì)碎紋路,有“蟹爪痕”之美名。此外,汝窯曾為宮中用器,因采覆燒的方式,故口有缺陷,因而有“宮中命汝州燒造青瓷”之舉,汝窯之入選,支燒滿釉應(yīng)是原因之一。支燒另一用處為防止器底塌陷,汝窯所用支釘細(xì)小,所留釘痕狀似芝麻,器底五支釘痕即是,也就是俗稱的“芝麻釘”。
Its glaze is covered with fine lines, which is known as "crab claw mark". In addition, Ru kiln used to be used in the palace. Because of the covering firing method, the mouth of Ru kiln was defective, so there was a move that "the palace ordered Ruzhou to make celadon". One of the reasons why Ru kiln was selected was full of glaze. In order to prevent the collapse of the bottom of the vessel, the nails used in Ru kiln are very small, and the traces of the nails are like sesame seeds. The five marks on the bottom of the utensil are also known as "sesame nails".
汝窯燒宮廷用瓷的時(shí)間僅20年左右,約在北宋哲宗元佑元年(1086年)到徽宗崇寧五年(1106年),故傳世品極少,被人們視為稀世之珍。宋末元初周輝《清波雜志》 發(fā)出感嘆:“汝窯宮中禁燒,內(nèi)有瑪瑙末為油(釉),唯供御揀退,方許出賣,近尤難得。”可見,汝窯在當(dāng)時(shí)其身價(jià)就已非同一般。明初曹昭《格古要論》有“汝窯:出北地,宋時(shí)燒者。淡青色,有蟹爪紋者真,無(wú)紋者尤好。土脈滋媚,薄甚。亦難得。”汝州一帶民間也有“縱有家產(chǎn)萬(wàn)貫,不如汝瓷一片”的口碑廣為流傳。
It was only about 20 years that Ru kiln fired porcelain for court use, about from the first year of Yuanyou of zhezong in Northern Song Dynasty (1086) to the fifth year of Chongning (1106) of Huizong. Therefore, there are few handed down products and are regarded as rare treasures. At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhou Hui's "Qingbo magazine" sighed: "it is forbidden to burn in Ru kiln's palace. There are agate powder for oil (glaze). It is only for the imperial court to pick it up and sell it. This is especially rare in recent years." It can be seen that the value of Ru kiln at that time was quite different. In the early Ming Dynasty, Cao Zhao's "Ge Gu Yao Lun" has "Ru kiln: it was fired in Song Dynasty. Light blue, with crab claw pattern is true, without the pattern is particularly good. The earth veins are beautiful and thin. It is also rare. " Ruzhou area folk also has the word of mouth that "even if there is a wealth of wealth, it is better than Ru porcelain".
這套汝窯茶杯。本器造型比例適度,線條溫柔婉約,高雅清麗,頗具藝術(shù)風(fēng)韻,集觀賞與實(shí)用為一體。以其典雅造型,溫柔不透明釉色,在傳世不多之汝窯器中,更顯珍貴。極具收藏價(jià)值!
This set of Ru kiln tea cups. It has moderate modeling proportion, gentle and graceful lines, elegant and beautiful, quite artistic charm, and integrates appreciation and practicality. With its elegant shape, gentle opaque glaze color, it is more precious among the few Ru kiln wares handed down. Great collection value!
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