汝瓷是我國宋代“汝、官、哥、鈞、定”五大名瓷之一。名瓷之首，汝窯為魁。汝窯的工匠，以名貴的瑪瑙入釉，燒成了具有“青如天，面如玉，蟬翼紋，晨星稀，芝麻支釘釉滿足”典型特色的汝瓷。
Ru porcelain is one of the five famous porcelains in Song Dynasty. Ru kiln is the first famous porcelain. The craftsmen of Ru kiln, with precious agate into the glaze, fired Ru porcelain with typical characteristics of "green as the sky, face like jade, cicada wing pattern, rare morning stars, sesame branch nail glaze to meet the requirements".
在中國文明發展史上，宋代文化占有極其重要的歷史地位，汝瓷文化又是宋代文化的一個重要組成部分。它以其工藝精湛，造型秀美，釉面蘊潤，高雅素凈的豐韻而獨具風采，在我國青瓷發展史上，是一個劃時代的重要標志。
In the history of Chinese civilization, Song Dynasty culture occupies an extremely important historical position, and Ru porcelain culture is an important part of Song Dynasty culture. It is a landmark in the development history of China's celadon because of its exquisite workmanship, beautiful shape, rich glaze, elegant and simple charm.
去過臺北故宮看過汝瓷的人，常常會在汝瓷上看到“奉華”兩個字。內地曾現身過的汝瓷，也有“蔡”字款出現。據中國經濟網記者所知，目前汝瓷帶字款識的也僅只有這兩種，且都指向于宋代朝廷要人。那汝瓷上的“奉華”和“蔡”字是何意呢？和宋代朝廷又有什么關系呢？
People who have visited the Imperial Palace Museum in Taipei often see the word "Fenghua" on it. The Ru porcelain that once appeared in the mainland also has the character of "Cai". According to the reporter of China economic network, at present, only these two kinds of characters are recognized by Ru porcelain, and both point to the important people of the Song Dynasty. What is the meaning of "Fenghua" and "Cai" on Ru porcelain? What does it have to do with the imperial court of the Song Dynasty?
汝瓷釉色有天青、天蘭、粉青幾種，因選瑪瑙入釉，使釉面撫如脂、視如玉，稀疏的氣泡宛若星辰，多開有疏密不等的紋片，少數有魚棱紋，也有不開片的，其縮釉點呈羊肝色；圈足外卷且比較矮，還有臥足，下圈足和平底足；工藝上有滿釉裹足支燒，也有墊燒的。采用支釘支燒的器物通體滿釉，器底留有支釘痕，支釘細小如芝麻狀，且多靠近圈足內墻，支釘斷面處一般呈白色；支釘數為3、5、6個，以5個為多，而汝瓷橢圓形水仙盆則采用6個支釘。采用墊圈或墊餅墊燒的器物圈足足端無釉，但少見；在裝飾工藝上有少數刻花和劃花裝飾，還有龍體和烏首等裝飾； 少數器物有銘款。見有兩種，器底刻“奉華”和“蔡”字款。
The glaze colors of Ru porcelain include azure, Tianlan and fenqing. Because of the selection of agate into the glaze, the glaze surface is as smooth as grease and jade. The sparse bubbles are like stars. There are many patterns with different density, a few with fish ribs, and some are not. The glaze points are sheep's liver color. The ring feet are curled and relatively short, and there are also recumbent feet, lower circle feet and flat bottom feet. In the process, there are full glaze wrapped feet for branch firing, and some for pad firing 。 The utensils are glazed, and there are traces of nails on the bottom. The nails are small as sesame, and most of them are close to the inner wall of the feet. The cross section of the nails is generally white. The number of nails is 3, 5 and 6, and 5 are more than 5. The oval Narcissus basin of Ru porcelain adopts 6 nails. In the decoration process, there are a few engraved and scratched decorations, as well as dragon body and black head; a few utensils have inscriptions. There are two kinds of wares, with "Fenghua" and "Cai" engraved on the bottom.
汝窯在北宋后期被官府選為宮廷燒御用瓷器，宮庭御用青瓷要求標準很高，如果再遇上宋徽宗這樣的瓷器鑒賞行家，汝官瓷的燒制之難就可想而知了。送進皇宮大內的瓷器固然是極品，而未被選中的也不乏上品，甚至是精品，但別人是不準用的。因此，每一窯瓷器出窯，先由窯場官吏和窯匠挑選，凡是選不上的，揮起大木棒，嘩啦!嘩啦!一件一件地打爛。這還不算到底，皇宮來人運瓷器時，還要再挑上一遍，挑剩下的再如此打碎，這時窯匠師傅們是心疼得連看的勇氣都沒有了，工匠們悲嘆：“造天青釉難，難于上青天。”加上汝官瓷的燒制時間也很短，大約20余年。金人入侵中原后，宋王朝南遷，汝官窯在戰火中被毀，至金、元時期，技術失傳，逐漸走向衰退，直到元末，全部停燒。以后，隨著一次次的戰亂兵火和自然水淹，除了留下一行行一堆堆的碎瓷片，殘敗的汝官窯窯口在地表消失了，為中國瓷器史留下了一樁千年疑案。所以，宋瓷以汝為最，留傳下來的，也以汝官瓷為最少，汝官瓷遂成絕品。
In the later period of the northern song dynasty, ru kiln was selected by the government as the imperial porcelain. The imperial celadon required a high standard. If you met a porcelain connoisseur like huizong of the song dynasty, you could imagine the difficulty of firing your porcelain. It is true that the porcelain sent to the palace is the best, and there is no lack of selected top quality, even fine, but others are not allowed to use. Therefore, every porcelain kiln, the first by the kiln officials and the potter to choose, all those who do not choose, swing a big stick, clatter! Hua! One by one. This is not the end, when the palace people to transport porcelain, have to pick up again, pick the rest so broken, then the potter masters are so distressed that even look at the courage are no longer, artisans lament: "it is difficult to make azure glaze, it is difficult to go up to the sky. Moreover, the firing time of ru guan porcelain is also very short, about 20 years. After the jin people invaded the central plains, the song dynasty moved to the south, and the ruguan kiln was destroyed in the war. In the jin and yuan dynasties, the technology was lost and gradually declined until the end of the yuan dynasty. Later, with the war and fire and natural flooding, in addition to leaving a pile of piles of broken porcelain pieces, the ruined mouth of ruguan kiln disappeared on the surface, leaving a thousand years of Chinese porcelain history. Therefore, the song dynasty porcelain to you as the most, left down to you the official porcelain as the least, your official porcelain became the best.
五窯之魁的汝窯“青如天，面如玉，蟬翼紋，晨星稀，芝麻支釘釉滿足”，汝瓷的這一特征據說皆因宋徽宗的一個夢。宋徽宗夢到雨過天晴，遠處天空的天青色，醒后他要求造瓷“雨過天晴云破處”，讓工匠燒制出這樣令其著迷的瓷器，最后汝州工匠技高一籌，從此，世上多了一種傳世瓷器———汝窯瓷器，天青色釉也成為汝窯瓷器的典型特征。事實上，“雨過天晴云破處”最早提法并不源于宋徽宗，而是五代后周的第二位皇帝世宗柴榮。當時，柴榮將柴窯的特點寫為“雨過天青云破處，者般顏色作將來。”由于天青色確實是汝窯的一大特點，為此后世的傳說便為汝窯的誕生附會上了宋徽宗的夢。
The ruyao, the chief of the five kilns, was "as green as the sky, with a face as jade, cicada wings, thin morning stars, and sesame nail glaze to meet the requirements". This feature of your porcelain is said to be attributed to a dream of emperor huizong of the song dynasty. Song huizong dreamed that the sky was blue after the rain and the sky was blue in the distance. After waking up, he demanded to make porcelain "after the rain and the sky were clear and the sky was blue". He asked the craftsmen to fire such fascinating porcelain. In fact, the earliest concept of "after a rain comes a day, a cloud breaks a place" did not originate from emperor huizong of the song dynasty, but from the second emperor of the later zhou dynasty, shizong chai rong. At that time, chai rong wrote the characteristics of the chai kiln as "the rain passed the sky and the clouds broke, the color of the future. As the blue sky is indeed one of the characteristics of ru kiln, the legend of later generations attached the dream of song hui zong to the birth of ru kiln.
汝瓷上的另一個款識就是"蔡"字款。在傳世的汝窯器底許多刻有“蔡”字款識，在故宮博物院的藏品中，有一件汝窯盤上刻有一個“蔡”字，“蔡”字款一般都涂紫褐護胎釉，色澤深沉。汝瓷為宮廷專用，因此能擁有汝瓷一般都是依靠皇帝賞賜。在宋代能夠收藏汝窯瓷器的蔡氏可能只有兩人，一人為徽宗時宰相蔡京，京官至司空，拜太師，位居一人之下萬人之上，其獲得皇帝賞賜的機會大于常人，從而得到汝窯瓷器的機會也就會很多，而且蔡京曾刻姓氏“蔡”字以作榮記。另一人為蔡京的兒子蔡絛，他是徽宗的駙馬，徽宗曾七次至其府第，賜予無數珍寶。
Another feature of Ru porcelain is "Cai". In the collection of the Palace Museum, one Ru kiln plate is engraved with the word "Cai". Generally, the character "Cai" is painted with purple brown protective glaze. Ru porcelain is specially used by the court, so it is generally depended on the emperor's reward to possess Ru porcelain. In the Song Dynasty, there were probably only two Cai family members who could collect Ru kiln porcelain. One was Cai Jing, the Prime Minister of Huizong. The capital official went to Sikong and worshipped the Taishi, ranking above ten thousand people. The chance of getting the emperor's reward was greater than that of ordinary people, so there would be a lot of opportunities to obtain Ru kiln porcelain. Moreover, Cai Jing once engraved the word "Cai" as a honor. The other was Cai Su, Cai Jing's son-in-law. He was Huizong's son-in-law. Huizong had visited his house seven times and given numerous treasures.
此類款汝瓷研究者一般認為是，“蔡”字款汝瓷隸屬于宋朝宰相蔡京或者駙馬蔡絛等的蔡氏家族。歷史上蔡京是與和珅一樣齊名的禍國敗家的大貪官，但其藝術成就卻為后人所稱道，她是宋四家"蘇黃米蔡"書法四大家之一，與蘇軾、黃庭堅等大家齊名，他也是王安石變法的堅決擁護者和得力干將，一定程度上促進了宋朝經濟的發展，深得宋神宗、宋徽宗賞識。
Researchers generally believe that the "Cai" type Ru porcelain belongs to the family of Cai Jing, the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, or Cai Su, the son-in-law of the Song Dynasty. In history, Cai Jing was a corrupt official with the same reputation as He Lin, but her artistic achievements were praised by later generations. She was one of the four famous calligraphers of "Su Huang Mi Cai" in the Song Dynasty. She was also a strong supporter and a capable general of Wang Anshi's reform. To a certain extent, she promoted the economic development of the Song Dynasty, and was appreciated by song Shenzong and song Huizong.
此件汝窯青釉碗，圓口，直壁，平底, 底邊有五足支托,底面滿釉五粒支燒釘。底款“蔡”，整器造型大方, 制作精細獨特，胎骨適中，釉面平滑，釉面滋潤，釉色青色，猶如“雨過天晴云破處”，“千峰碧波翠色來”之美妙，汝瓷保留下來也大多存放于博物館等處，近幾年民間汝瓷收藏數量也大，收藏界認為“天下收藏，無汝者，難稱盡善盡美也”。該汝窯瓷碗造型古樸大方，少之又少，獲其具有極高的收藏價值及投資價值，是一件不可多得的精品。
This blue glazed bowl of Ru kiln has a round mouth, a straight wall, a flat bottom, and a five foot bracket on the bottom. The bottom surface is covered with glaze and five pieces of burning nails. The bottom "Cai" has a generous shape, The production is exquisite and unique. The fetal bone is moderate, the glaze is smooth, the glaze is moist, and the glaze color is blue. It is like "the sky is clear after the rain and the clouds are broken" and "the thousand peaks are green". Most of the Ru porcelain remains in museums and other places. In recent years, the number of folk Ru porcelain collections is also large. The collectors believe that "it is hard to say that the collection is perfect without you". The shape of the Ru kiln porcelain bowl is simple and natural, few and few. It has high collection value and investment value. It is a rare fine product.
汝瓷不張揚、不虛華的個性使人聯想到翩翩的君子，沉穩卻不失個性;它的內斂又好似江南女子的風姿卓韻、典雅含蓄，讓人難以忘懷。
Ru Ci's unassuming and well-deserved personality reminds people of an engaging gentleman who is composed but does not lose his personality. Its introversion is like the charm of Jiangnan women, elegant and subtle, which is unforgettable.
宋代瓷業達到如此境界，絕非偶然。公元960年，北宋建立。宋初實行了“抑武修文”政策，“修文”導致文化的空前高漲，文人的地位得到提高，人們的讀書熱情激增，文化素質普遍提高。加上北宋的經濟繁榮，為制作高水平的瓷器提供了物質保證。這樣的社會氛圍造就了宋瓷清新秀麗、典雅優美的藝術風格，成為宋代工藝美術中最為杰出的品種。
It is no accident that the porcelain industry in Song Dynasty reached such a state. In 960 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty was established. At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, the policy of "suppressing Wu Xiuwen" was implemented, and "writing" led to an unprecedented upsurge in culture, an improvement in the status of scholars, a surge in people's enthusiasm for reading, and a general improvement in cultural quality. In addition, the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty provided material guarantee for the production of high-level porcelain. This social atmosphere created a fresh, beautiful, elegant and graceful artistic style of Song porcelain, and became the most outstanding variety of arts and crafts in the Song Dynasty.
此件藏品現在展賣于藝品在線商城平臺中，據持寶人介紹說，這件瓷器是祖上傳下來的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見珍品，特邀其持這件瓷器參加，現持寶人因資金周轉困難原因。忍痛割愛愿將此件瓷器委托本公司代其通過網絡媒體進行尋找買家。如對此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業聯系電話：400 686 3616進行洽談。
The collection is now on sale in the art online mall platform. According to the treasure holder, the porcelain was handed down by ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a masterpiece. We learned that he had this rare treasure and invited him to take part in it. Now the holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. We are willing to entrust this porcelain to our company to find a buyer through network media. If you are interested in this collection, you can call the enterprise contact number: 400 686 3616 for discussion.
