瓷器發(fā)展至清代，由于康、雍、乾三朝的“盛世”，政治安定，經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮，皇帝的重視，使得瓷器的發(fā)展有著非常卓越的成就?；实蹜{借自己的愛(ài)好，使得清初瓷器制作技術(shù)高超，并有創(chuàng)新的舉措。琺瑯彩瓷就是清代瓷器燒造的一個(gè)重要成就。
Porcelain developed to the Qing Dynasty, and due to the prosperous times of Kang, Yong and Gan Dynasties, political stability, economic prosperity and the emperor's attention, the development of porcelain made outstanding achievements. By virtue of his hobbies, the emperor made the porcelain production in the early Qing Dynasty superb and innovative. Enamel porcelain is an important achievement of porcelain firing in Qing Dynasty.
康熙年間成立“內(nèi)務(wù)府造辦處”，聚集各地能工巧匠，專門(mén)為皇家制作各類工藝品，內(nèi)務(wù)府造辦處初設(shè)在養(yǎng)心殿周圍，后遷至武英殿北白虎殿后房，即明代仁智殿舊址?，m瑯瓷就是在這個(gè)時(shí)候“創(chuàng)新”出來(lái)的，是選用景德鎮(zhèn)珠山御窯白膩素胎，由宮廷畫(huà)師按要求繪制，再次入窯燒制而成。這些琺瑯彩器都是專作帝王賞玩，也有用作宗教、祭祀的供器之用?，m瑯彩瓷燒制極難，其在雍正年間燒制數(shù)量較多，后期逐漸減少，到清后期停滯。所以琺瑯彩瓷顯得比較珍貴，特別是康雍時(shí)期主要用于帝王賞玩，如果下賜重臣或外交互贈(zèng)時(shí)一般都有記錄存檔。
During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the "Office of manufacturing office of the house of internal affairs" was established, which gathered skilled craftsmen from all over the country to make all kinds of handicrafts for the royal family. The office was initially set up around the Yangxin hall, and later moved to the back room of the North white tiger Hall of Wuying hall, which was the former site of Renzhi hall in the Ming Dynasty. It was at this time that enamel porcelain was "innovated". It was made of white greasy plain tire from the imperial kiln of Zhushan, Jingdezhen. It was painted by court painters according to the requirements, and then fired into the kiln again. These enamel wares are specially used for emperors to enjoy and also used for religious and sacrificial offerings. It was very difficult to make enamel colored porcelain. In Yongzheng period, the quantity of enamel porcelain was large, which gradually decreased in the later period and stagnated in the late Qing Dynasty. Therefore, enamel porcelain is more precious, especially in the Kangyong period, it was mainly used for emperors to enjoy. If it was given to important officials or diplomatic gifts, it was generally recorded and filed.
琺瑯彩是中國(guó)瓷器中的絕世名品，它的正式名稱為“瓷胎畫(huà)琺瑯”，是由歐洲金屬胎琺瑯器發(fā)展而來(lái)。在眾多古代工藝中，琺瑯彩是唯一由皇室壟斷生產(chǎn)，并且僅供皇室使用的瓷器品種。自誕生之日起就一直被鎖在深宮大內(nèi)，常人無(wú)緣一睹真容，直到1914年，才第一次公開(kāi)展出?？滴?、雍正、乾隆，祖孫三代皇帝對(duì)琺瑯彩瓷藝術(shù)不同尋常的喜愛(ài)和關(guān)注，是清代琺瑯彩取得輝煌成就的關(guān)鍵。
Enamel color is a unique product in Chinese porcelain. Its official name is "porcelain body painting enamel", which is developed from European metal body enamel. Among many ancient crafts, enamel is the only porcelain product monopolized by the royal family and only used by the royal family. Since its birth, it has been locked in the Shengong University. Ordinary people have no chance to see the real face. It was not until 1914 that the first public exhibition was held. Emperor Kangxi, Yongzheng, Qianlong and their ancestors and grandchildren attached great importance to enamel porcelain art, which was the key to the brilliant achievements of enamel in Qing Dynasty.
此件琺瑯彩小杯其外形俊秀、線條柔美、比例協(xié)調(diào)，深得清朝歷代君王的喜愛(ài)。整體器形規(guī)整，造型比例均勻，胎質(zhì)幼潔，外壁通體精描金為底，其上再繪花草紋、杯底符號(hào)有包容結(jié)實(shí)各種紋飾之效，令整體更為完美，處處皆見(jiàn)匠心。足底白胎內(nèi)施昂貴之松綠釉，釉色瑩潤(rùn)堅(jiān)致， 中間施白釉藍(lán)料書(shū)“大清乾隆年制”六字三行篆書(shū)款。
This small enamel cup was loved by the emperors of the Qing Dynasty because of its beautiful appearance, soft lines and harmonious proportion. The overall shape of the instrument is regular, the proportion of the model is uniform, the fetal quality is young and clean, the outer wall is fully painted with gold as the bottom, and the flower pattern and symbol on the bottom of the cup are painted on it, which has the effect of containing all kinds of decorative patterns, making the whole more perfect and showing ingenuity everywhere. The sole white fetus is covered with expensive pine green glaze. The glaze color is lustrous and firm. In the middle, white glaze and blue material are used to write six characters and three lines of seal script "made in Qianlong year of Qing Dynasty".
在乾隆時(shí)期，琺瑯彩瓷繪畫(huà)又有了新的發(fā)展。一是畫(huà)法中的陰陽(yáng)向背與凹凸感就不僅出現(xiàn)在紙絹畫(huà)上，也出現(xiàn)在琺瑯彩瓷的繪畫(huà)上。二是“錦灰堆”畫(huà)法的大量運(yùn)用，就是在一種彩色質(zhì)地中用各種顏色繪制各式各樣的織錦紋、絲綢紋和其他花紋，花紋中又添繪各式各樣的纏枝花和其他圖案，所以這種畫(huà)法也叫“錦上添花”?，m瑯彩瓷創(chuàng)燒于康熙年間，沒(méi)落于乾隆末年。由于是皇室的專用器物，所以不計(jì)成本的燒制，在乾隆朝以后在位皇帝中很難有燒制琺瑯彩瓷的實(shí)力。再著皇室為了顯示自己的高貴而獨(dú)攬琺瑯彩瓷器的燒制和使用權(quán)，以至民間的制瓷藝人無(wú)法看見(jiàn)琺瑯彩瓷器成品，更別說(shuō)學(xué)習(xí)燒制過(guò)程。使得清朝宮廷沒(méi)落以后，這種燒瓷技術(shù)也就逐漸失傳了。
In the Qianlong period, enamel porcelain painting had a new development. First, the Yin and Yang back and concave convex feeling in painting not only appear in the paper silk painting, but also in the enamel color porcelain painting. The second is the extensive use of the painting method of "Jin Hui Dui", which is to use various colors to draw various brocade patterns, silk patterns and other patterns in a kind of color texture, and add various kinds of twining flowers and other patterns to the patterns, so this painting method is also called "icing on the cake". Enamel porcelain was founded in the Kangxi period, but declined in the late Qianlong period. Because it is a special tool of the royal family, it is very difficult for the emperors in power after Qianlong Dynasty to have the power of firing enamel colored porcelain regardless of the cost. Then, in order to show their dignity, the royal family monopolized the firing and use rights of enamel porcelain, so that the folk porcelain makers could not see the finished enamel porcelain, let alone learn the firing process. After the decline of the court of the Qing Dynasty, this porcelain firing technology was gradually lost.
琺瑯彩瓷起始于康熙末年，頂盛時(shí)為雍正期至乾隆期。無(wú)論是觀賞角度和收藏角度來(lái)看，琺瑯彩都是市場(chǎng)比較熱門(mén)的一件收藏品，因?yàn)楣に嚨臎](méi)落，導(dǎo)致琺瑯彩瓷器在市面上存世量少之又少。近年來(lái)，隨著人們的追捧，琺瑯彩在市場(chǎng)的價(jià)格進(jìn)行持續(xù)的高漲，琺瑯彩都具有一定的收藏價(jià)值和投資價(jià)值！
Enamel porcelain began in the last years of Kangxi, and its peak was from Yongzheng period to Qianlong period. From the perspective of viewing and collecting, enamel is a popular collection item in the market. Due to the decline of technology, enamel porcelain has a very small number in the market. In recent years, with the popularity of people, enamel color in the market price continued to rise, enamel color has a certain collection value and investment value!
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣于藝品在線商城平臺(tái)中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說(shuō)，這件瓷器是祖上傳下來(lái)的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過(guò)，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見(jiàn)珍品，特邀其持這件瓷器參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割愛(ài)愿將此件瓷器委托本公司代其通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進(jìn)行尋找買家。如對(duì)此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進(jìn)行洽談。
The collection is now on sale in the art online mall platform. According to the treasure holder, the porcelain was handed down by ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers, and it is a masterpiece. We learned that he had this rare treasure and invited him to take part in it. Now the holder of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. We are willing to entrust this porcelain to our company to find a buyer through network media. If you are interested in this collection, you can call the enterprise contact number: 400 686 3616 for discussion.
