白釉瓷器在今天看來是再普通不過的生活用瓷了,因為今天所有的瓷器都是以白色為基調了,中國陶器有幾千年的歷史,白釉瓷器燒造卻是最難燒造的,中國白釉瓷器在歷史的不斷改進和演變中經歷了青白釉、卵白釉(樞府釉)、甜白釉色、象牙白釉、白釉的發展過程。宋元明清之后白釉瓷器才真正接近真正的白瓷。
White glazed porcelain seems to be the most common living porcelain today, because today all porcelain is based on white. Chinese pottery has a history of thousands of years, but white glaze porcelain is the most difficult to be fired. In the continuous improvement and evolution of history, China's white glaze has experienced the development of blue white glaze, egg white glaze (privy glaze), sweet white glaze, ivory white glaze and white glaze Process. Only after the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties did the white glazed porcelain really approach the real white porcelain.
白釉瓷器最早可追溯到東漢,古代的白釉瓷器可不是白色的,而是青白色的,因為瓷器胎土中含鐵元素過多,白色瓷器變白的過程就是對鐵的提煉過程,所以白瓷是在青瓷發展起來的,青瓷和白瓷的區別在于胎釉中含鐵量的多少,如果含鐵量下降到1%以下,就能燒成白瓷。成熟白瓷的出現大約在隋代,它比青瓷的出現晚約四百年。
White glazed porcelain can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. The ancient white glazed porcelain is not white, but bluish white. Because there is too much iron in the clay, the process of white porcelain becoming white is the process of refining iron. Therefore, white porcelain was developed in celadon. The difference between celadon and white porcelain lies in the iron content in the glaze. If the iron content drops below 1%, it can be burned White porcelain. Mature white porcelain appeared in the Sui Dynasty, about 400 years later than celadon.
白瓷雖然在北朝時期已經開始出現,但真正燒制成功則在隋代。與北朝相比,隋代白釉瓷器的燒制工藝技術有了長足的進步。從隋大業四年(608年)李靜訓墓出土的一批白釉瓷器看,較之北齊武平六年(575年)范粹墓出土的白瓷,釉質已有較大提高,全不見早期白瓷白中閃黃或閃青的痕跡。如果以北齊范粹墓出土的初期白瓷為起點,到隋李靜訓墓為止,歷時33年,白瓷的燒制技術終于成熟。唐代邢窯白瓷、宋代定窯白瓷、元代樞府卵白釉、明代甜白釉、清代德化窯都是在時代變遷中逐漸發展的。白瓷雖然在東漢以及北朝時期已經開始出現,但真正燒制成功則在隋代。與北朝相比,隋代白釉瓷器的燒制工藝技術有了長足的進步。隋代白瓷的燒造成功,為唐代白釉瓷器的發展奠定了堅實的基礎。
Although white porcelain began to appear in the Northern Dynasties, it was in the Sui Dynasty that the porcelain was successfully fired. Compared with the Northern Dynasty, the firing technology of Sui Dynasty white glaze porcelain has made great progress. According to a batch of white glazed porcelains unearthed from Li jingxun's tomb in 608 of Daye of Sui Dynasty, compared with the white porcelain unearthed from fan Cui's tomb in the sixth year of Wuping in the Northern Qi Dynasty (575), the enamel has been greatly improved, and there is no trace of yellow or blue in the white of early white porcelain. If we take the early white porcelain unearthed from fancui Tomb of the Northern Qi Dynasty as the starting point, until the tomb of Li jingxun in the Sui Dynasty, the firing technology of white porcelain has finally matured. Xingyao white porcelain of Tang Dynasty, Dingyao white porcelain of Song Dynasty, egg white glaze of the Privy of Yuan Dynasty, sweet white glaze of Ming Dynasty and Dehua kiln of Qing Dynasty all developed gradually in the change of times. Although white porcelain began to appear in the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Dynasty, its real success was in the Sui Dynasty. Compared with the Northern Dynasty, the firing technology of Sui Dynasty white glaze porcelain has made great progress. The successful firing of white porcelain in Sui dynasty laid a solid foundation for the development of white glazed porcelain in Tang Dynasty.
三國、兩晉、南北朝是從公元 200年至581年。公元200年曹丕廢了漢獻帝自立為王,國號“魏”;第二年劉備在四川建立蜀漢政權;公元229年,孫權在建業(現南京稱帝,國號“吳”,史稱“三國”。在這一時期,對于陶瓷業的發展也起到了不可估量的歷史意義。
The Three Kingdoms, the two Jin Dynasties and the southern and Northern Dynasties lasted from 200 to 581 ad. In 200 A.D., Cao Pi abolished Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty and established himself as king with the title of "Wei"; in the second year, Liu Bei established Shu Han regime in Sichuan; in 229 A.D., Sun Quan was in Jianye (now called emperor in Nanjing, with the name of "Wu" and historically known as "Three Kingdoms". In this period, for the development of ceramic industry also played an inestimable historical significance.
三國、兩晉時期,江南陶瓷業發展迅速,相繼在蕭山、上虞、余姚一帶出現了越窯、甌窯、婺窯等著名窯址。所制器物注重品質,加工精細,可與金、銀器相媲美,成為當時名門望族的日用品。
During the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Jin Dynasties, the ceramic industry in the south of the Yangtze River developed rapidly. Yue Kiln, Ou kiln, Wu kiln and other famous kiln sites appeared successively in Xiaoshan, Shangyu and Yuyao. The products are of high quality and fine processing. They are comparable to gold and silver, and become the daily necessities of famous families at that time.
此件兩晉時期白瓷碗,保真到代。兩晉時期白瓷工藝還不成熟,應該是中國白瓷發展的初級階段,流傳下來的也不多。它見證了歷史的進步和社會發展。極具收藏價值??!
This white porcelain bowl from the Jin Dynasty to the present. In the two Jin Dynasties, the white porcelain craft was not mature, which should be the primary stage of the development of Chinese white porcelain, and there were not many handed down. It has witnessed historical progress and social development. Great collection value!!
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