荷葉蓋罐，被稱之為中國瓷器中的三大國寶之一，高31．3厘米、寬23．8厘米、腹徑達(dá)1米，是南宋龍泉窯青瓷中最大的一件瓷器，也是宋瓷中唯一一件荷葉形蓋罐，全球僅此一件。保守估計，該罐價值至少在5千萬元以上。在遂寧金魚村發(fā)掘出的村發(fā)掘出的大批珍貴宋瓷從何而來？至今仍是一個大大的謎。
Lotus leaf jar, known as one of the three national treasures of Chinese porcelain, is 31.3 cm high, 23.8 cm wide and 1 m wide. It is the largest celadon in Longquan kiln of Southern Song Dynasty and the only lotus leaf shaped jar in Song Dynasty, which is the only one in the world. It is estimated conservatively that the tank is worth at least 50 million yuan. Where did a large number of precious song porcelain come from? It is still a big mystery.
繼宋之后，荷葉蓋罐元、明兩朝均有燒造，它優(yōu)美的造型成為中國古代陶瓷百花園中一朵美麗的花朵，深受人們喜愛。
After Song Dynasty, lotus leaf jar was fired in Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. Its beautiful shape became a beautiful flower in Chinese ancient ceramic garden, which was loved by people.
荷葉蓋罐多見于元代龍泉窯瓷器。蓋作荷葉形，蓋沿荷葉邊曲線起伏平緩，紐較低。明宣德時，蓋沿起伏較大，蓋紐隆起。
Lotus leaf jar is often seen in Longquan kiln porcelain of Yuan Dynasty. The cover is in the shape of a lotus leaf, and its fluctuation along the curve of the lotus leaf edge is gentle and the button is low. During the reign of Xuande in the Ming Dynasty, the Gaiyan was undulating and the gainiu was uplifted.
荷葉形蓋罐因罐口覆有荷葉形蓋而得名。從現(xiàn)有考古資料來看，荷葉形蓋罐主要有銀器、瓷器兩大類。銀制荷葉形蓋罐最早見于唐代。如鎮(zhèn)江市丁卯橋唐代窖藏出土了一件銀質(zhì)荷葉形罐蓋，蓋呈卷邊荷葉形，寫實風(fēng)格較強(qiáng)，荷葉的蒂、莖、葉脈都一一表現(xiàn)，鏨刻工藝精細(xì)，線條流暢細(xì)密。
The lotus leaf shaped jar is named after its mouth is covered with a lotus leaf shaped cover. According to the existing archaeological data, the lotus leaf shaped jar can be divided into two categories: silver and porcelain. Silver lotus leaf shaped jar was first seen in Tang Dynasty. For example, a silver lotus leaf jar cover was unearthed from the Tang Dynasty hoard in Dingmao bridge, Zhenjiang city. The lid is in the shape of a curled lotus leaf. The realistic style is strong. The lotus leaf's pedicle, stem and vein are all expressed one by one. The carving process is fine and the lines are smooth and dense.
荷葉形蓋罐有專家考證認(rèn)為是酒具，兼具儲器和盛器功能。如浙江義烏柳青鄉(xiāng)一宋代窖藏出土鏨刻人物故事圖銀片，其中1件鏨刻“畢卓醉酒”故事，畫面中除人物外，還有經(jīng)瓶和荷葉形蓋罐，作為酒器之用顯無疑似。
The lotus leaf shaped jar is considered as a wine set by experts, which has the functions of storage and container. For example, a silver plate with carved character story pictures was unearthed from a Song Dynasty hoard in Liuqing Township, Yiwu, Zhejiang Province. Among them, one carved the story of "Bizhuo drunk". In addition to the characters, there are also Sutra bottles and lotus leaf covered jars, which are not suspected to be used as wine utensils.
明代龍泉窯瓷器的胎質(zhì)比宋代的要略粗厚，但仍很堅致，白中閃灰，施釉厚，釉面不如南宋時潤澤，但很光亮，有很強(qiáng)的玻璃質(zhì)感，呈黃綠色或蔥綠色。元代龍泉瓷器最大的特點是器型很大，胎體厚重。器物荷葉蓋罐是明代龍泉窯創(chuàng)新器型，這件荷葉罐高30厘米，直經(jīng)35厘米，品像完美，老舊寶光自然，把元龍泉重裝飾的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格表現(xiàn)得淋漓盡致。Longquan kiln porcelain in Ming Dynasty has a slightly thicker body than that of Song Dynasty, but it is still firm. The glaze is not as smooth as that of Southern Song Dynasty, but it is very bright. It has a strong glass texture and is yellow green or scallion green. The biggest characteristic of Longquan porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is its large shape and heavy body. The lotus leaf jar is an innovation of Longquan kiln in the Ming Dynasty. The lotus leaf jar is 30 cm high and 35 cm straight. It has a perfect image and is old and natural. It shows the artistic style of Yuan Longquan's heavy decoration.
據(jù)查證，龍泉窯的瓷業(yè)生產(chǎn)中心分布在浙江南部的龍泉縣。南宋葉在《坦齋筆衡》中記載“江南則處州龍泉縣窯，質(zhì)頗粗厚”。龍泉窯自宋代創(chuàng)燒以來歷經(jīng)元、明、清制瓷，歷史長達(dá)800余年。
According to investigation, the porcelain production center of Longquan kiln is located in Longquan County, southern Zhejiang Province. The Southern Song Dynasty Ye recorded in "tanzhaibiheng" that "the kiln in Longquan County, Chuzhou, Jiangnan is rather thick". Longquan kiln has been making porcelain in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties since Song Dynasty, with a history of more than 800 years.
元代龍泉瓷器在元滅宋以后，由于南方的經(jīng)濟(jì)基本上沒有受到破壞，為當(dāng)時龍泉窯生產(chǎn)的持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了基本條件。加上水路交通發(fā)達(dá)，海外貿(mào)易增加運輸便利，加速促進(jìn)了龍泉窯的生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展，建立了許多窯場，溫州地區(qū)就有文成、永嘉、泰順、蒼南等地。麗水地區(qū)有晉云、慶元、云和、遂昌等地，此時產(chǎn)品豐富多彩、品種繁多，特別是在露胎裝飾技法上的獨特創(chuàng)新，突破了單一色釉彩的裝飾，成為龍泉窯發(fā)展歷史上的一個全盛的創(chuàng)新時期。元代瓷器最大特征是胎釉二元配方，使整個龍泉窯的生產(chǎn)形成了較為統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
After the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty, the economy of the South was basically not damaged, which provided the basic conditions for the sustainable development of Longquan kiln production at that time. In addition, the developed waterway transportation, increased overseas trade and convenient transportation have accelerated the production and development of Longquan kiln, and many kilns have been established. In Wenzhou, there are Wencheng, Yongjia, Taishun, Cangnan and other places. Lishui area has Jinyun, Qingyuan, Yunhe, Suichang and other places. At this time, the products are rich and colorful, and there are many varieties. Especially, the unique innovation in the decoration techniques of exposed tire breaks through the decoration of single color glaze, and becomes a prosperous innovation period in the development history of Longquan kiln. The biggest feature of Yuan Dynasty porcelain is the binary formula of body glaze, which makes the production of Longquan kiln form a relatively unified standard.
它的一切器物造型雄渾敦厚，氣勢博大，在同一種形制中有大小不同的規(guī)格。使元代的龍泉窯成為在中國青瓷史上，從燒瓷的工藝到裝飾手法，從器物的品種到器物的類型，以及紋飾、題材等方面形成了一個比較成熟的時期，從而把浙江的青瓷制造業(yè)推向了一個新的高峰。由于元代龍泉窯的產(chǎn)品吸取了國內(nèi)外多元文化的因素，所以形成了獨特的時代風(fēng)格，荷葉蓋罐就是其中之一。
All of its utensils are vigorous and generous in shape and have different sizes in the same shape. The Longquan kiln of Yuan Dynasty became a relatively mature period in the history of celadon in China, from the craft of firing porcelain to the decoration technique, from the variety of utensils to the types of utensils, as well as the patterns and themes, etc., thus pushing the celadon manufacturing industry in Zhejiang to a new peak. Because the products of Longquan kiln in Yuan Dynasty absorbed the multi-cultural factors at home and abroad, it formed a unique style of the times. Lotus leaf jar is one of them.
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