說到元代瓷器，人們自然會想到元代青花，實際上，元代創燒的卵白釉瓷也是朝廷定燒的一種高檔瓷器，在當時極富盛名。卵白釉是在宋代景德鎮青白釉的基礎上發展而成，其色白微青，呈失透狀，頗似鴨蛋殼色，故稱之為"卵白釉"，樞府瓷器一般是卵白釉 ，而近日本公司遇見一位收藏人士劉先生，剛好收藏有一件官窯樞府的紅釉和青花兩者相結合的瓷器，名為堆塑紅釉青花鳳穿花梅瓶，他的整個制造工藝十分精致，兩只鳳凰惟妙惟肖，穿行于纏枝花卉紋之間，堆塑的兩條龍 風格迥異，安靜的游走在瓶身之上，樞府兩個大字大氣凌然，宮廷風范。卵白釉深受元代朝廷的喜愛，常命景德鎮窯燒制供官府使用，"有命則供，否則止"，傳世品以元代最高軍事機構"樞密院"定燒的卵白釉瓷為多見，樞密院定燒瓷在盤、碗器的紋飾中印有"樞"、"府"二字，故卵白釉又稱之為"樞府"釉。
When it comes to Yuan Dynasty porcelain, people naturally think of Yuan Dynasty blue and white flowers. In fact, the egg white glaze porcelain created by Yuan Dynasty was also a kind of high-grade porcelain burned by the court, which was very famous at that time. The egg white glaze was developed on the basis of Jingdezhen green and white glaze in the Song Dynasty. Its color was white and slightly green, and it was rather like duck egg shell color, so it was called "egg white glaze ". Near the Japanese company met a collector, Mr. Liu, who had a red glaze and blue and white porcelain, called a pile of red glaze Phoenix blue and white flowers and plum bottles. His whole manufacturing process was very delicate, two Phoenix vividly walked through the Phoenix Between the twigs and flowers, the two dragon styles very different in style, quietly walking on the bottle, the two big characters in the city, court style. The egg white glaze was deeply loved by the court of Yuan Dynasty, and the Jingdezhen kiln was often ordered to be fired for use by the government ," if you have a life, otherwise you will stop ". The egg white glaze is also called the "pivot" glaze.
在元朝制瓷工藝取得許多成就當中，樞府釉瓷器是其中的一種。稱這種瓷器為"樞府"釉，主要是生活在元朝和明初的曹昭，在洪武時期寫的《格古要論》一書，該書《古饒器》條中說:"元朝燒小足印花者，內有'樞府'字者高。"曹昭是看到了印花中有字樣的瓷器而寫的。后人相沿成襲將此器稱為樞府釉瓷。曹昭根據所見實物而給予相應的稱謂沒有錯。而清人藍浦在《景德鎮陶錄》中將其專門列為一個條目，稱為"樞府釉"則沒有根據。一則考古工作者歷年來的考古調查和發掘至今沒有發現專門燒樞府瓷的窯址，二則"樞府"是院的簡稱。它的職能絕對不能去管景德鎮的一種瓷器燒制的作坊，樞密院更不可能到景德鎮去辦窯。樞密院這個機構歷史很早，唐朝代宗李豫時期就開設樞密使，由宦官管理，主要接受臣僚的表奏。到五代時期的后梁設置崇政院，后唐改設樞密院。宋代繼續有樞密院，權力很大，成為最高國務機構，重大軍事行動、邊防要塞、民兵、軍馬、對外交涉的外交事務都由它管，與中書省平起平坐，稱為"二府"。遼代管理兵部衙門稱"北樞密使"，管理吏部的衙門稱為"南樞密院"，管理漢人地區兵馬大事的稱為"漢樞密院"。元代樞密院主要掌管軍事機密、邊防、軍隊調遣、武官升遷及宮廷禁衛等事務，秩從一品。藍浦說:"元之進御器，民所供造者，有命則陶，土必細白膩，質尚薄。式多小足印花，亦有戧金五花者;其大足器則瑩素。又有高足碗，蒲唇弄弦等碟、馬蹄盤、耍盂各名式。器內皆作'樞府'字號，當時亦仿造，然所貢者俱千中選十，百中選一，非民窯可逮。"專門燒樞府瓷的單獨的樞府窯是不存在的，但從眾多樞府類型的卵白釉瓷器分析，景德鎮生產樞府釉瓷器是浮梁瓷局管轄下的官窯作坊，生產多種產品，其中就包括樞府釉瓷。"有命則陶"說明這種官窯不是常年生產，上面有令下來就開窯生產，可燒制宮廷用瓷，如瓷印有"太禧"字樣的瓷器，是為元代皇宮太禧宗禋院專燒制的。有"樞府"字樣器是為樞密院燒制的，還有為其他官府燒制的。品質優秀，"千中選十，百中選一"，官府挑選以后才在民間銷售。民辦瓷窯作坊也有仿制，所以樞府釉瓷器下來不多。
Among the many achievements in the porcelain making process of Yuan Dynasty, Shufu glazed porcelain is one of them. This kind of porcelain is called "Shufu" glaze, mainly Cao Zhao, who lived in the Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty. "Cao Zhao read the printed porcelain. Later generations along the attack called this device Shufu glaze porcelain. Cao Zhao according to what he saw and give the corresponding title is not wrong. The Qing Dynasty Lanpu in "Jingdezhen Tao Lu" specifically listed as an entry, called "Shufu glaze" is not based. An Examination The archaeological investigation and excavation of ancient workers over the years have not found the kiln site specially burned pivot house porcelain, and the second "pivot house" is the abbreviation of the courtyard. Its function must not be to control Jingdezhen a porcelain firing workshop, the Privy Council is not likely to go to Jingdezhen kiln. The Privy Council, an institution with an early history, opened a Privy Council in the Tang Dynasty, under the management of eunuchs, and mainly accepted the watch of his staff. To the five dynasties after the establishment of Chongzheng Yuan, the post-Tang changed to the Privy Council. In the Song Dynasty, the Privy Council continued to have great power and became the highest state organ. It was responsible for major military operations, frontier fortress, militia, military horses and foreign affairs Guan, and Zhongshu province on an equal footing, called "two houses ". In the Liao Dynasty, the Yamen of the Department of military Affairs was called the "North Pivot ", the Yamen of the Department of officials was called the" South Pivot House ", and the one who managed the great affairs of soldiers and horses in the Han people's area was called the "Han Pivot House ". The Privy Council of the Yuan Dynasty was mainly in charge of military secrets, border defense, military dispatch, military promotion and court guard. Lanpu said :" Yuan into the imperial ware, the people for the creation, there is life is pottery, the soil will be fine white greasy, thin quality. Type many small foot printing, but also the gold five flowers; its big foot is clear. There are also high-footed bowl, lips and other dishes, hoof plate, play each type. All in the device are'Pu Fu' name, when Time also imitated, but the tribute of a thousand selected ten ,100 selected one, non-min kiln can be used. "A separate Shufu kiln dedicated to the burning of Shufu porcelain does not exist, but from the analysis of many Shufu types of egg white glaze porcelain, Jingdezhen production of Shufu glaze porcelain is under the jurisdiction of the Fuliang porcelain Bureau of the official kiln workshop, producing a variety of products, including Shufu glaze porcelain. This kind of official kiln is not produced all the year round. It can be produced by firing palace porcelain, such as porcelain with the word "Taixi ", which is specially made for the Yuan Dynasty imperial palace Taixi Zong Yuan. The "Pivot House" was fired for the Privy Council and for other government offices The quality is excellent ," ten out of a thousand, one out of a hundred ", the government after the selection of private sales. Private porcelain kiln workshop also has imitation, so Shufu glaze porcelain down not many.
此件堆塑紅釉青花鳳穿花梅瓶，高38cm，口徑3.7cm。底足13.3cm..他的整個制造工藝十分精致，兩只鳳凰惟妙惟肖，穿行于纏枝花卉紋之間，堆塑的兩條龍 風格迥異，安靜的游走在瓶身之上，樞府兩個大字大氣凌然，宮廷風范，非常具有收藏和投資價值，
折疊將其專門列為一個條目，稱為"樞府釉"則沒有根據。一則考古工作者歷年來的考古調查和發掘至今沒有發現專門燒樞府瓷的窯址，二則"樞府"是院的簡稱。它的職能絕對不能去管景德鎮的一種瓷器燒制的作坊，樞密院更不可能到景德鎮去辦窯。樞密院這個機構歷史很早，唐朝代宗李豫時期就開設樞密使，由宦官管理，主要接受臣僚的表奏。到五代時期的后梁設置崇政院，后唐改設樞密院。宋代繼續有樞密院，權力很大，成為最高國務機構，重大軍事行動、邊防要塞、民兵、軍馬、對外交涉的外交事務都由它管，與中書省平起平坐，稱為"二府"。遼代管理兵部衙門稱"北樞密使"，管理吏部的衙門稱為"南樞密院"，管理漢人地區兵馬大事的稱為"漢樞密院"。元代樞密院主要掌管軍事機密、邊防、軍隊調遣、武官升遷及宮廷禁衛等事務，秩從一品。藍浦說:"元之進御器，民所供造者，有命則陶，土必細白膩，質尚薄。式多小足印花，亦有戧金五花者;其大足器則瑩素。又有高足碗，蒲唇弄弦等碟、馬蹄盤、耍盂各名式。器內皆作'樞府'字號，當時亦仿造，然所貢者俱千中選十，百中選一，非民窯可逮。
長期以來，因“樞府”瓷傳世品極少，元代“樞府”瓷僅為文博界所了解認識，1982年在安徽省歙縣曾出土一批窯藏元代“樞府”瓷，
其中有折腰碗、盤，為人們進一步認識元代“樞府”瓷提供了十分珍貴的實物資料，引起了國內外陶瓷界的極大關注，故宮博物院古陶瓷專家看后給予了極高的評價。
元人尚白，樞府釉瓷器大量生產與元人尚白的習俗有密切關系，以蒙古貴族為主的封建政權，和其他時代漢人政權一樣，整個社會有層層階梯，樞府釉也分為不同的等級。
This plasticized red-glaze blue-and-white phoenix wearing plum bottle ,38 cm, caliber 3.7 cm. high Bottom foot 13.3 cm.. his whole manufacturing process is very delicate, two Phoenix vividly, through the twined flowers between the two dragon style is very different, quietly walking on the bottle, the two big characters in the capital atmosphere, court style, very valuable for collection and investment,
Folding specifically lists it as an entry, called "pivot glaze ", is unfounded. An archaeological investigation and excavation by archaeologists over the years has not found a kiln site dedicated to burning pivot porcelain, and the second is the abbreviation of the courtyard. Its function must not be to control Jingdezhen a porcelain firing workshop, the Privy Council is not likely to go to Jingdezhen kiln. The Privy Council, an institution with an early history, opened a Privy Council in the Tang Dynasty, under the management of eunuchs, and mainly accepted the watch of his staff. To the five dynasties after the establishment of Chongzheng Yuan, the post-Tang changed to the Privy Council. The Song Dynasty continued to have the Privy Council, with great power, Major military operations, border strongholds, militia, military horses, foreign diplomatic affairs are managed by it, on an equal footing with the province of Zhongshu, known as the "two prefectures ". In the Liao Dynasty, the Yamen of the Department of military Affairs was called the "North Pivot ", the Yamen of the Department of officials was called the" South Pivot House ", and the one who managed the great affairs of soldiers and horses in the Han people's area was called the "Han Pivot House ". The Privy Council of the Yuan Dynasty was mainly in charge of military secrets, border defense, military dispatch, military promotion and court guard. Lanpu said :" Yuan into the imperial ware, the people for the creation, there is life is pottery, the soil will be fine white greasy, thin quality. Type many small foot printing, but also the gold five flowers; its big foot is clear. And a high - foot bowl The dish, the hoof dish, and the spoon. Inside the device are'Pu Fu' name, at that time also imitated, but the tribute of a thousand selected ten ,100 selected one, non-min kiln can be used.
For a long time, due to the "Shufu" porcelain heritage is very few, the Yuan Dynasty "Shufu" porcelain is only understood by the Wenbo community, in 1982 in Jiaxian County, Anhui Province, unearthed a number of kiln Tibetan Yuan Dynasty "Shufu" porcelain,
There are folding bowls and plates, which provide a very precious material for people to further understand the Yuan Dynasty "Shufu" porcelain, which has attracted great attention from the ceramic industry at home and abroad.
第一，等級最高、質量最精美的樞府釉瓷器，以皇帝為首的宮廷御用器，表現宮廷藝術的氣質。
如裝飾有龍鳳紋樣，尤其五爪龍紋、戧金龍紋、有福壽、萬壽、福祿、太禧等銘款的作品。從工藝特點來看端莊敦厚，典雅大方，胎體潔白致密，釉層較厚，溫潤如玉，作工精巧，一絲不茍。
第二，特定的官府衙門專用器，生產得最多的是樞府釉瓷器，在器物內里趁坯體濕潤時，用印模壓印出纏枝花卉，在花卉中出現“樞府”二字，花紋主要是植物類纏枝花卉。
第三，貴族及社會上層使用的樞府瓷。那些飾三爪、四爪龍紋的器物應該是宮廷、親王、貴族類顯赫類人物使用的。還有“王”、“玉”、“德”、“國用”、“江夏”等特殊銘款的器物。
第四，普遍商品用瓷。樞府釉瓷既然是生活用具，是手工業產品，作坊一建立就要不間斷地生產。
前三種需求量必然有限，而且封建官府掠奪性很強，經常是訂燒，或到作坊中挑選都是不給錢，或象征性的給一點錢，這就使得作坊根本就不能維持正常生產運作。
First, the highest grade, the most exquisite quality of the Shufu glaze porcelain, led by the emperor of the court imperial ware, the performance of court art temperament.
Such as decorated with dragon and Phoenix patterns, especially the five-claw dragon lines, gold dragon lines, Fu Shou, longevity, Fu Lu, Taixi and other inscription works. From the technical characteristics of the end of the thick, elegant and generous, the body white dense, glaze layer thicker, warm as jade, exquisite, meticulous.
Second, the specific government Yamen special equipment, the most produced is the Shufu glaze porcelain, in the utensils while the body wet, with impression imprinting out twigs and flowers, in the flowers appear "Shufu" two characters, the pattern is mainly plant twined flowers.
Third, aristocrats and the upper class of society used the pivot porcelain. The objects decorated with the three-claw and four-claw dragon patterns should be used by the court, the prince, the aristocratic class of prominent figures. There are also "king "," jade "," virtue "," national use "," Jiangxia" and other special inscription objects.
Fourth, universal commodity porcelain. Since Shufu glazed porcelain is a living appliance and a handicraft product, the workshop must be produced without interruption.
器物種類和造型特點：器物種類和青花瓷器一致，多數是日常生活用具，如侈口深腹碗，造型特點是口微侈，唇沿較薄，腹體深而寬，平底，胎體厚實，堅固耐用，圈足較小而厚，足底中心有鏇挖足時在底心留下一個“臍帶狀”的小突起。
元代“樞府”瓷制作規整，品質優良，多有印花裝飾，紋飾題材以云龍和纏枝花卉紋為常見，因“樞府”釉屬乳濁釉，故紋飾不太清晰。
“樞府”瓷與民用的卵白釉瓷相比，顯得尤為精致，修足規整，足底無釉，底心有乳釘狀凸起，胎體厚薄適中，是至今所知元代官用之器的名品。
元代卵白釉的出現，為青花、釉里紅奠定了基礎，雖然它讓位給了青花瓷，但它在中國陶瓷發展史上依然為人們所贊美。 Types and modeling characteristics: the types of utensils are consistent with blue and white porcelain, most of them are daily living utensils, such as mouth deep belly bowl. The shape is characterized by slight extravagance, thin lip edge, deep and wide abdomen, flat bottom, thick, durable, small and thick feet.
Yuan Dynasty "Shufu" porcelain production is regular, good quality, more printing decoration, decoration theme to Yunlong and twined flowers as common, because "Shufu" glaze is opacified glaze, so the decoration is not very clear.
Compared with the white-glaze porcelain, the "Shufu" porcelain is particularly delicate, with regular foot repair, no glaze on the plantar, milk-nailed protuberance on the base and moderate thickness of the body.
The appearance of egg white glaze in Yuan Dynasty laid the foundation for blue and white flowers and red glaze. Although it gave way to blue and white porcelain, it was still praised in the history of Chinese ceramic development.
