粉彩時時報喜鏤空轉心瓶
清三代御窯瓷器中,乾隆朝以登峰造極的技術獨領風騷。那么,什么樣的器物堪稱乾隆御窯的代表?乾隆朝大件鏤空或轉心、 轉頸瓷器是最具代表性的。這是因為乾隆以外的其他朝代沒有,就乾隆以前的康、雍兩朝來說,社會上沒有形成崇尚奢摩富麗的審美時尚;乾隆以后又沒有這樣雄厚的燒造資金和技術力量,所以大件的、鏤空的、轉心的、轉頸的、開各色光的、工藝復雜到無以附加的大器均為乾隆所獨有,是乾隆官窯的杰作。
Among the imperial kilns in the three dynasties of Qing Dynasty, the Qianlong Dynasty was the most outstanding one in terms of technology. So, what kind of artifacts can be called the representative of Qianlong imperial kiln? In the Qianlong Dynasty, the most representative porcelains were the hollow out, the revolving center and the revolving neck. This is because there was no other dynasty except Qianlong. As for the Kang and Yong dynasties before Qianlong, there was no aesthetic fashion advocating luxury, luxury, luxury and richness in society. After Qianlong, there was no such strong capital and technical force for firing. Therefore, large pieces, hollowed out, heart turning, neck turning, light cutting, and complicated crafts were unique to Qianlong The masterpiece of Qianlong official kiln.
轉心瓶,又稱「旋轉瓶」、「套環瓶」,瓷瓶多鏤空開光,意為從中窺探內瓶繪飾,以達觀有限而意無窮之妙。作為帝王專用賞玩之物,御用級別甚高,御窯竭盡巧思,力求出新,鮮見相類者。許之衡在《飲流齋說瓷》道:「……乾隆一朝則華縟極矣,精巧之至,幾于鬼斧神工……」。轉心瓶畫工精細,工藝復雜,充分展示了中國制瓷技術的巔峰水平。在一個鏤雕外瓶內,套裝一個可以轉動的內瓶,上繪各種紋樣。“內膽”上部外露,藏于外瓶內,膽上有裝飾繪畫,有四季景物、山水人物、花鳥蟲魚等。內膽活動時,通過“外瓶”的鏤孔,可觀不同畫面,猶如走馬燈般。轉瓶的制作難度很大,要把外瓶的底部制成雞心狀的鈕,把內瓶的底心做成雞心狀的槽,鈕和槽要絕對吻合。尤其是要考慮外瓶和內瓶的干燥率,以及掌握好燒成后的收縮率。稍稍不注意,造成鈕和槽不吻合的話,即便前面再多的辛苦也是白費。所以,制作轉瓶的代價十分大,往往是“百里挑一”。故成品率極低。此件粉彩時時報喜鏤空轉心瓶高41.2cm,品相完好。轉心瓶的魅力,在于“轉“,這一千回百轉里,是破靜為動之美,是爐火純青之功,是乾隆鼎盛王朝海納百川之絕妙呈現。它體現著創新求變的設計理念,是工藝技術與裝飾技法進步的結晶,給當代陶瓷藝術設計創作以積極啟示。
The revolving vase, also known as "revolving bottle" and "loop vase", is mostly made of hollow porcelain, which means to explore the painting and decoration of the inner vase, so as to realize the limitless and Infinite Wonder of the meaning. As a special object for the emperor to enjoy, the imperial kiln is of a very high level. Imperial kilns try their best to create new ones, but few of them are similar. Xu Zhiheng said in his book "talking about porcelain in drinking Liuzhai":.... " During the reign of Emperor Qianlong, it was extremely exquisite and almost uncanny 」。 The fine craftsmanship and complex process of the revolving bottle fully demonstrate the peak level of China's porcelain making technology. Inside a carved outer bottle, a rotatable inner bottle is set, and various patterns are painted on it. The upper part of the "inner bladder" is exposed and hidden in the outer bottle. There are decorative paintings on the gall, including four seasons scenery, landscape figures, flowers, birds, insects and fish. When the inner bladder moves, it can be seen that different pictures can be seen through the holes in the "outer bottle", just like walking a lantern. It is very difficult to make a rotating bottle. The bottom of the outer bottle should be made into a chicken heart-shaped button, and the bottom center of the inner bottle should be made into a chicken heart-shaped groove. The button and groove should be absolutely consistent. In particular, the drying rate of outer bottle and inner bottle should be considered, as well as the shrinkage rate after firing. If you don't pay attention to it a little, if you don't match the button and groove, even if you have to work hard in front of you, it will be in vain. Therefore, the cost of making rotary bottles is very high, often "one in a hundred.". So the yield is very low. This famille rose vase is 41.2cm high and in good condition. The charm of the heart turning bottle lies in "turning". The thousand times and hundreds of turns are the beauty of breaking static and moving, the achievement of perfect perfection, and the wonderful presentation of Qianlong's heyday. It embodies the design concept of innovation and change, is the crystallization of the progress of technology and decoration techniques, and gives positive enlightenment to contemporary ceramic art design.
據清代文獻記載,轉心瓶存世十分稀少。乾隆八年、十一年、十二年、十八年及二十二年,御窯廠曾經先后燒造數件可以旋轉的瓷瓶及瓷碗等,轉心瓶每一個部件尺寸都要經過精心計算,反復燒制,得出實際樣品。再根據樣品燒造中表現出的問題逐一從工藝上加以解決,并在全部部件燒功后組成樣品,紋飾、色彩、樣式全部獲得皇帝首肯后才正式燒造。除此之外還要關注燒造時的溫度火候控制,一旦出現少許變形便會使整器的制造前功盡棄。內外均以粉彩彩繪的轉心瓶需二次燒作,成品率極低。復雜的工藝及艱難的燒制歷程,使得存世的轉心瓶件件都是無價之寶。
According to the documents of Qing Dynasty, zhuanxinping is very rare. In the 8th, 11th, 12th, 18th and 22nd years of Qianlong reign, the imperial kiln factory fired several pieces of porcelain bottles and bowls that could be rotated. The size of each part of the rotary core bottle had to be carefully calculated and fired repeatedly to obtain the actual samples. Then, according to the problems in the firing of the samples, they were solved one by one from the process. After all the parts were burned, the samples were formed. The patterns, colors and styles were all approved by the emperor before the formal firing. In addition, attention should be paid to the temperature and temperature control during firing. Once a little deformation occurs, the previous achievements in the manufacturing of the whole device will be wasted. Both inside and outside of the bottle are painted with pastel color, which needs to be fired twice, so the yield of finished product is very low. The complex process and the difficult firing process make the pieces of revolving heart bottles priceless.
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