重慶際華拍賣有限公司，為藏品強大的傳播效應向各位買家推薦經國家一級鑒定專家甄選的藝術珍品，為藏家牽線搭橋，讓千百件藝術珍品價值被發掘與重視，在拍賣會上得以高價成交。
【名稱】 明青花纏枝蓮紋蓋罐
【拍賣時間】2020年8月
【拍賣單位】北京保利拍賣
【規格】 重：2.40KG 高：22cm
【類別】瓷器
青花瓷又稱白地青花瓷，常簡稱青花，是中國瓷器的主流品種之一，屬釉下彩瓷。青花瓷是用含氧化鈷的鈷礦為原料，在陶瓷坯體上描繪紋飾，再罩上一層透明釉，經高溫還原焰一次燒成。鈷料燒成后呈藍色，具有著色力強、發色鮮艷、燒成率高、呈色穩定的特點。原始青花瓷于唐宋已見端倪，成熟的青花瓷則出現在元代景德鎮的湖田窯。明代青花成為瓷器的主流。
青花瓷器始于唐代，但唐代處于青花瓷的濫觴期。
唐青花經過初創期以后，并沒有迅速發展起來，到了宋朝青花瓷而是走向了衰敗。
則成熟的青花瓷出現在元代時期的“景德鎮”。
明清時期是青花瓷器達到鼎盛后又走向衰落的階段。明早期到中期永樂、宣德是青花瓷器發展的一個高峰，以制作精美著稱；清康熙時以“五彩青花”使青花瓷發展到了巔峰。
征得此件青花瓷年代為明代中期，拉胎手法出自景德鎮，屬民窯觀賞器，青花料則使用的是石子青和浙料。
“石子青”：亦稱“石膏”。景德鎮青花瓷器使用的一種原料。陶瓷青花料之一石子青國產青料名。明代中期始用。據《江西大志·陶書》記載；石子青產瑞州諸處(今江西高安、宜豐、上高一帶)。明嘉靖時燒造御器，在回青中按比例配入石子青，呈色最佳。石子青多則色沉不亮。石子青也簡稱石青。有人認為石子青即無名子。
浙料：浙江所產青料，也稱“浙青”。產于浙江紹興、金華一帶。有元子、紫料、天青等品種，其中以元子為最佳。明代萬歷中期以后至清前期景德鎮官窯青花瓷器均采用浙料。
民“窯”也是特指瓷窯，民窯的產品稱客貨，風格與官窯迥異，除去一些限制生產的花紋和器型，可以說民窯瓷器的造型和紋飾題材更豐富自由。明代景德鎮擁有為數眾多的民窯，是我國陶瓷窯的主體，其制品粗細，并不比官窯遜色多少。比較著名的有磁州窯、崔公窯、周公窯、壺公窯、小南窯等。
此“明青花 纏枝蓮紋蓋罐”明代民窯青花瓷器樸實無華。藏品開片豐富自然，紋飾疏朗秀麗、筆意自然。畫筆分實筆和勾勒渲染兩種，實筆多為細線條，勾勒渲染多為粗線條和紋飾，線條流暢，紋路清晰，有一氣呵成感。
此外宋代的時候，五大名窯當中定窯大量燒制了民間使用瓷器，而這種最簡單的白色，成為民間瓷器最主要的顏色。定窯中生產的民間使用瓷器的同時，也把燒制精良的瓷器，供給官方使用。這種官、民同時都有燒到的瓷器，在后代的窯口多有出現。而汝窯、官窯等窯口，卻只為皇家生產，民間絕無可能接觸到。
到了明代，由于江西景德鎮燒制瓷器的一枝獨秀，使得這里成為中國瓷器制造的中心，同時燒造皇家瓷器和民間使用瓷器。明代的時候，青花瓷器開始爆發自己的優秀品質，這一時期不管官方瓷器還是民間瓷器，都會用適當的藍白相間的花紋加以裝飾。人們在不滿足于白釉瓷器的單一色彩，想方設法用藍白相間的花紋加以裝飾。
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[Name] Ming Dynasty blue and white pot with lotus pattern
[Specification] Weight: 2.40kg height: 22cm
[Category] Porcelain
Blue and white porcelain, also known as white blue and white porcelain, often referred to as blue and white porcelain, is one of the mainstream varieties of China's porcelain, which belongs to underglaze color porcelain. Blue and white porcelain is made of cobalt oxide containing cobalt ore, which is painted on the ceramic body, covered with a layer of transparent glaze, and fired in a high temperature reduction flame. Cobalt material is blue after firing, with strong coloring power, bright hair color, high firing rate and stable color. The original blue and white porcelain has been found in Tang and Song Dynasties, while the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in the Hutian kiln of Jingdezhen in Yuan Dynasty. In Ming Dynasty, blue and white porcelain became the mainstream.
Blue and white porcelain began in the Tang Dynasty, but the Tang Dynasty was at the beginning of blue and white porcelain.
After the initial stage of blue and white porcelain in Tang Dynasty, it did not develop rapidly, but declined in Song Dynasty.
Then the mature blue and white porcelain appeared in Jingdezhen in the Yuan Dynasty.
In Ming and Qing Dynasties, blue and white porcelain reached its peak and then declined. Yongle and Xuande were the peaks of blue and white porcelain development from the early Ming Dynasty to the middle Ming Dynasty, and they were famous for their exquisite production. In the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, blue and white porcelain developed to the peak with "colorful blue and white porcelain".
This blue and white porcelain is from the middle of Ming Dynasty. The pulling technique is from Jingdezhen. It belongs to the ornamental ware of folk kiln. The blue and white materials are made of shiziqing and Zhejiang materials.
"Shiziqing": also known as "gypsum". Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain used as a raw material. One of the ceramic blue and white materials is shiziqing. It began to be used in the middle of Ming Dynasty. According to the records of "records of Jiangxi Dazhi · Taoshu", shiziqing produced in various places of Ruizhou (today's Gaoan, Yifeng and Shanggao areas of Jiangxi). In the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, the imperial vessels were made, and the color of them was the best. If there are many stones, the color will not be bright. Shiziqing is also called Shiqing for short. Some people think that Shi Ziqing has no name.
Zhejiang material: the green material produced in Zhejiang, also known as "Zhejiang green". Produced in Shaoxing, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province. There are Yuanzi, Zicai, Tianqing and other varieties, among which Yuanzi is the best. Zhejiang materials were used in the blue and white porcelain of Jingdezhen official kiln from the mid Wanli period of Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty.
People's "kilns" also refer to porcelain kilns in particular. The products of people's kilns are called passengers and goods. Their styles are quite different from those of official kilns. Apart from some patterns and utensils that restrict the production, we can say that the shapes and decorative themes of people's kilns are more abundant and free. Jingdezhen has a large number of folk kilns in Ming Dynasty, which is the main body of China's ceramic kilns. Its products are not inferior to those of official kilns. The famous kilns include Cizhou kiln, Cuigong kiln, Zhougong kiln, Hugong kiln, Xiaonan kiln, etc.
The Ming Dynasty blue and white porcelain is simple and unadorned. The opening of the collection is rich and natural, with sparse and beautiful decoration and natural brushwork. There are two kinds of brushes: real brush and outline rendering. The real brush is mostly thin lines, while outline rendering is mostly thick lines and ornaments. The lines are smooth, clear and have a sense of harmony.
In addition, Dingyao, one of the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty, made a large number of folk porcelain, and this simplest White became the main color of folk porcelain. At the same time, the folk porcelain produced in Dingyao also supplies the well-made porcelain for official use. This kind of porcelain, which was fired by both the government and the people at the same time, appeared in many kilns of later generations. However, Ru kiln, Guan kiln and other kilns are only for Royal production, which is impossible for people to contact.
In the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi Province, became the center of China 's porcelain making, as well as Royal Porcelain and folk porcelain. In Ming Dynasty, blue and white porcelain began to develop its own excellent quality. In this period, both official and folk porcelain were decorated with appropriate blue and white patterns. People are not satisfied with the single color of white glazed porcelain, trying to decorate it with blue and white patterns.
