定窯黑釉：定窯是宋代六大窯系之一，是繼唐代邢窯白瓷之后興起的一大瓷窯體系。定窯主要分布在今河北省保定市曲陽縣的澗磁村及東燕川村、西燕川村一帶。考古資料表明，定窯創燒于唐，盛于北宋及金，終于元。定窯以燒制白釉瓷著稱，但也燒制高質量的黑釉瓷，即黑定。關于黑定的文獻記載比較重要的有，明曹昭《格古要論》：“有紫定色紫，有墨定色黑如漆，土俱白，其價高于白定，俱出定州。”明張應文《清秘藏》：“定窯有光素凸花二種，以白色為正，白骨而加以釉水有如淚痕者佳，間有紫色、黑色者，不甚珍也。”明許次紓《茶疏》：“茶歐，古取定窯兔毛花者，亦斗碾茶之用耳。”
Dingyao black glaze: Dingyao is one of the six kiln systems in Song Dynasty, which is a big porcelain system rising after the white porcelain of Xing kiln in Tang Dynasty. Dingyao is mainly distributed in Jianci village, Quyang County, Baoding City, Hebei Province. Archaeological data show that Dingyao was founded in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty, and finally reached Yuan Dynasty. Dingyao is famous for firing white glazed porcelain, but also firing high-quality black glazed porcelain, that is, heiding. There are some important documents about heiding. In the book of gegu Yaolun by Cao Zhao of Ming Dynasty, "there are purple, ink, black and white. The price is higher than that of baiding, and they all come out of Dingzhou." "There are two kinds of light, plain and protruding flowers in Ding kiln. They are white, white bone and glaze water. It's better to have purple and black between them. It's not very precious." "Tea Europe," said Xu Shishu in the Ming Dynasty, "used to be used to grind tea with the ears of the people who used to take Ding kiln rabbit hair flowers."
定窯黑釉瓷色黑如漆，手感光滑潤澤，其釉面光可鑒人。黑定施釉有厚薄之分，釉成分中氧化鐵含量較高，經高溫還原后成了三氧化二鐵，因而色澤鉗黑。黑定物件的口沿因高溫下釉流動快速而形成了一道不規則的醬口，透過醬口可見其胎的白色。黑定施釉多數不及底，底部均露胎之原色，強烈的色彩反差，給黑定增添了一種神秘的色彩。
Dingyao black glaze porcelain is as black as paint, with smooth and moist hand feel, and its glaze is light to see people. Heiding glaze can be divided into thick and thin glaze. The content of iron oxide in glaze composition is high. After high temperature reduction, it becomes iron oxide, so the color is black. Because of the rapid flow of underglaze at high temperature, the mouth of heiding object forms an irregular sauce mouth, through which the white of its embryo can be seen. Most of the glaze in heiding is not as good as the bottom. The primary color of the bottom is exposed. The strong color contrast adds a mysterious color to heiding.
這是一件宋代定窯黑釉龍紋碗，其胎質細膩，堅致泛白，釉色烏金閃亮，釉面光滑，光澤程度幾乎賽過鏡面。碗敞口斜腹，低圈足。內外施黑釉，碗內刻劃云龍紋，阿娜多姿。該碗造型線條流暢，比例協調，敦實穩重，保存完好，為定窯黑釉（黑定）中的精品之作。
This is a Song Dynasty Dingyao black glaze dragon shaped bowl. It has a delicate texture, firm and white color, shiny black gold glaze, smooth glaze, and almost surpassing the mirror. The bowl is open to the stomach and low to the feet. The inside and outside are covered with black glaze, and the inside of the bowl is engraved with cloud and dragon patterns. Ana is colorful. The bowl has smooth lines, coordinated proportions, solid and stable shape, and is well preserved. It is a masterpiece of Dingyao black glaze (heiding).
宋代定窯黑釉瓷色黑如漆，手感光滑潤澤，其釉面光可鑒人。黑定施釉有厚薄之分，釉成分中氧化鐵含量較高，經高溫還原后成了三氧化二鐵，因而色澤鉗黑。黑定物件的口沿因高溫下釉流動快速而形成了一道不規則的醬口，透過醬口可見其胎的白色。黑定施釉多數不及底，底部均露胎之原色，強烈的色彩反差，給黑定增添了一種神秘的色彩。
Dingyao black glazed porcelain in Song Dynasty is as black as paint, with smooth and moist hand feel, and its glaze is light to see people. Heiding glaze can be divided into thick and thin glaze. The content of iron oxide in glaze composition is high. After high temperature reduction, it becomes iron oxide, so the color is black. Because of the rapid flow of underglaze at high temperature, the mouth of heiding object forms an irregular sauce mouth, through which the white of its embryo can be seen. Most of the glaze in heiding is not as good as the bottom. The primary color of the bottom is exposed. The strong color contrast adds a mysterious color to heiding.
宋代黑定從釉面上觀察可分為三等，第一等釉面漆黑光亮，光可鑒人，正如曹昭在《格古要論》中所稱“有墨定色黑如漆”。此類殘片的胎質潔白，瓷化程度較高，斷面氣孔很少，可見燒結溫度較高。第二類釉面黑中透黃褐色，胎質瓷化程度一般，斷面不甚平整，氣孔可見。第三類釉面中帶有“窯變”色，或者帶有淺淺的銀色短兔毫，或者帶有筆尖大小的銀色圓油滴，或者猶如建窯的褐兔毫，黑中涌出醬色的波浪兔毫，但是整體還是以黑色為主題，也被歸類到黑定中。黑定一現即天價。
In Song Dynasty, heiding can be divided into three grades according to the glaze. The first-class glaze finish is black and bright, which can be seen from the light. As Cao Zhao said in the gegu Yaolun, "there is ink to fix the color as black as paint". This kind of debris has white body, high degree of porcelain, few pores on the cross-section and high sintering temperature. The second kind of glaze is black to yellowish brown, the porcelain degree of fetal is general, the section is not very flat, and the pores are visible. The third kind of glaze has a "kiln change" color, or a light silver short rabbit hair, or a silver round oil drop with the size of the pen tip, or just like the brown rabbit hair of the kiln, the brown wave rabbit hair emerges from the black, but the overall theme is black, which is also classified into black Ding. The price is high when it's set in the dark.
黑定瓷自古便是十分珍貴的品種，價值也在白定之上，完整傳世者更少，除各大博物館館藏之外，世面所見寥寥無幾，更推升了它的價值。2002年香港佳士得秋季拍賣會中，一件“北宋定窯黑釉鷓鴣斑盌”以1314萬元的價格成交，這還是早年的價格，放到如今，幾乎可媲美2014年香港蘇富比1.16億元成交的“北宋定窯劃花八棱大盌”。
Heiding porcelain has been a very precious variety since ancient times, and its value is also higher than baiding. There are fewer complete heiding porcelain. Apart from the collections of major museums, there are few in the world, which promotes its value. In the 2002 Christie's autumn auction in Hong Kong, a piece of "Dingyao black glazed partridge spot in the Northern Song Dynasty" was sold at a price of 13.14 million yuan, which is still the price of the early years. Today, it is almost comparable to the "Dingyao flower eight ridges Big Bang" sold in 2014 by Sotheby's in Hong Kong.
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