腰牌是古代官員日常所佩的身份符信，相當(dāng)于今天的通行證，因系掛于腰間，故稱腰牌。又因多用金銀、玉石、名貴木料等珍貴材質(zhì)制成，加之雕鏤的圖案精美生動，造型多樣，具有濃郁的文化韻味，適于觀賞把玩，故一直深受藏家的喜愛，屬于藝術(shù)價值和經(jīng)濟(jì)價值都很高的文玩。
Waist token is an identity token worn by ancient officials in daily life. It is equivalent to today's pass. It is called waist token because it is hung on the waist. It is also made of precious materials such as gold and silver, jade and precious wood. In addition, the carved patterns are exquisite and vivid, with various shapes and strong cultural charm. It is suitable for viewing and playing. Therefore, it has always been loved by collectors and belongs to the cultural and economic value of high value.
腰牌最早起源于夏商周時代的玉制“牙璋”，至戰(zhàn)國時代發(fā)展為“符”（多為虎符），通常用金、玉、銅、木等制成。所謂牙璋是一種有刃的器物，器身上端有刃，下端呈長方形，底部兩側(cè)有突出的鉏牙。牙璋是一種禮器，也作為古代調(diào)動軍隊的符信，古代皇帝調(diào)兵的令牌，共有兩塊，一凹一凸，皇帝一塊，主將一塊，用以調(diào)兵。
Waist token originated from Yazhang, a jade system in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, and developed into fufu (mostly Hufu) in the Warring States period, usually made of gold, jade, copper and wood. The so-called tooth Zhang is a kind of utensil with a blade. The upper end of the utensil has a blade, the lower end is rectangular, and there are protruding teeth on both sides of the bottom. Yazhang is a kind of ritual instrument, which also serves as a symbol for the ancient mobilization of the army. There are two tokens for the ancient emperor's mobilization, one for the concave, one for the convex, one for the emperor and one for the general.
虎符為中國古代帝王授予臣屬兵權(quán)和調(diào)發(fā)軍隊的信物。銅制、虎形、分左右兩半，有子母口可以相合。右符留存中央，左符在將領(lǐng)之手。王若派人前往調(diào)動軍隊，就需帶上右符，持符驗合，軍將才能聽命而動，軍隊不執(zhí)行執(zhí)皇帝金符節(jié)者行兵令，除皇帝親臨現(xiàn)場調(diào)兵。它盛行于戰(zhàn)國、秦、漢時期。
Hufu is a keepsake for ancient Chinese emperors to confer military power on their officials and dispatch troops. Copper, tiger shaped, left and right halves, with mother and son to meet. The right Rune remains in the center, and the left rune is in the general's hand. If Wang Ruo sends people to mobilize the army, he needs to bring the right talisman with him. Only when he holds the talisman, can the army move at his command. The army does not carry out the order of the emperor's golden talisman, except that the Emperor himself is on the scene to transfer troops. It prevailed in the Warring States period, Qin Dynasty and Han Dynasty.
到了隋唐時期腰牌發(fā)展為“魚符”，調(diào)兵遣將、出入宮廷等都要以此為憑證。魚符，這種身份證正式使用時間在唐代，是唐高祖李淵的一項發(fā)明，魚符分左右，使用方法是，左符放在“派出所”（內(nèi)廷），作為“底根”；右符由持有人隨身帶著，作為身份的證明。
In the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the waist token developed into a "Fish Charm", which was used as a proof for the deployment of troops and the entrance and exit of the court. Yufu, the official use time of this ID card in Tang Dynasty, is an invention of Li Yuan, Gaozu of Tang Dynasty. Yufu is divided into two parts. The use method is that left Fu is placed in the "police station" (inner court) as the "bottom root"; the right Fu is carried by the holder as proof of identity.
到北宋和明朝前期，符牌制度發(fā)展的更為完善，逐漸成為一種嚴(yán)格的身份識別方式。明代腰牌制度更加嚴(yán)格，不同身份等級的人要佩戴不同材質(zhì)、形狀的腰牌。
Until the Northern Song Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, the system of Fupai developed more perfect and gradually became a strict way of identity recognition. The system of waist token in Ming Dynasty is more strict. People of different status levels should wear waist token of different materials and shapes.
平民百姓，都以佩戴腰牌為榮。腰牌的材質(zhì)也慢慢增加，象牙、翡翠、琥珀蜜蠟等也被制成腰牌來使用，而且由于其年代久遠(yuǎn)，價值不菲，因此佩戴者多為權(quán)臣、富商。
Ordinary people are proud to wear waist tags. The material of waist token is also gradually increasing. Ivory, emerald, amber honey wax and so on are also made into waist token for use. Moreover, due to its long history and high value, the wearer is mostly a powerful official and rich businessman.
此件藏品現(xiàn)在展賣于古玩行商城平臺中，據(jù)持寶人介紹說，這件明代銅腰牌是祖上傳下來的。曾讓專家老師鑒定過，絕世精品。在本公司得知其有這件罕見珍品，特邀其持這件銅腰牌參加，現(xiàn)持寶人因資金周轉(zhuǎn)困難原因。忍痛割愛愿將此件銅腰牌委托本公司代其通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)媒體進(jìn)行尋找買家。如對此藏品有興趣收藏者，可撥打企業(yè)聯(lián)系電話：400 686 3616進(jìn)行洽談。
The collection is now displayed on the platform of antique shops. According to the owner, the bronze waist token of Ming Dynasty was uploaded by the ancestors. It has been appraised by experts and teachers. It's a masterpiece. Knowing that the company has this rare treasure, we specially invite the owner to take this bronze waist token to participate. Now the owner of the treasure has difficulty in capital turnover. Bear the pain to cut love is willing to entrust this copper waist card to our company to search for the buyer through the network media on its behalf. If you are interested in this collection, you can call 400 686 3616 for negotiation.
