乾隆銅胎畫琺瑯
銅胎畫琺瑯是西方技法傳入我國的產(chǎn)物。畫琺瑯制作時(shí),先在銅胎上涂一層白色釉料,燒制后再用各色釉料描繪不同圖案,并二次燒制而成。由于琺瑯彩釉料的特殊性,令畫琺瑯色彩絢麗富有光澤,且耐腐蝕耐磨損,可歷經(jīng)上百年而光澤依舊。
The enamel of the copper tire painting is the product of western techniques introduced into China. When making enamels, first paint a layer of white glaze on the copper tire, and then paint different patterns with different colors of glaze after firing, and then burn them for two times. Because of the particularity of enamel glaze, the color of enamel is bright and lustrous, and it is corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant. It can last for hundreds of years, but the luster is still the same.
瓷胎畫琺瑯是琺瑯彩瓷的正式名稱,是我國陶瓷藝術(shù)之瑰寶,琺瑯彩是外國工藝與中國傳統(tǒng)工藝結(jié)合而創(chuàng)燒。琺瑯彩集中西風(fēng)韻于一身,畫盡了皇家身份的高貴與榮華,是清代皇室自用瓷器中最具特色,釉上彩瓷中最為精美的彩瓷器,部分器物也用于犒賞功臣。其高超的燒造水平和不朽的藝術(shù)價(jià)值,充分體現(xiàn)了古代勞動(dòng)人民的卓越才能和和藝術(shù)創(chuàng)造力。銅胎畫琺瑯技法起源于15世紀(jì)中葉歐洲比利時(shí)、法國、荷蘭三國交界的佛朗德斯地區(qū)。清康熙二十三年(1684年)清廷平定臺(tái)灣以后,海禁開放,東西貿(mào)易交往愈發(fā)頻繁,西洋制品開始大量涌入,西方的畫琺瑯便是此時(shí)由廣州等港口傳入中國的。
Enamel is the official name of enamel colored porcelain and the treasure of China's ceramic art. Enamel color is the combination of foreign technology and Chinese traditional technology. Enamel color is the most characteristic of the Royal Porcelain in the Qing Dynasty. It is the most exquisite color porcelain in the glaze color porcelain. Some of the artifacts are also used to reward the meritorious officials. Its superb level of firing and immortal artistic value fully embodies the outstanding talents and artistic creativity of the ancient working people. The enamel technique of copper tire painting originated from the Flanders area of Belgium, France and Holland in the middle of the 15th century. After the Qing Dynasty ruled Taiwan in twenty-three years (1684) of the reign
of emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty, the sea ban was opened, the trade between the East and the West became more frequent, and Western products began to flow into China in large quantities. At this time, Western painting enamel was introduced into China from Guangzhou and other ports.
乾隆一朝,琺瑯制品可謂達(dá)中國歷史之最。其時(shí)琺瑯器為世人所矚目青睞,不僅因?yàn)槠淅^承康雍兩朝創(chuàng)新與突破之基礎(chǔ),也不僅因此期工匠已練就精絕蓋世之技術(shù),更因乾隆帝秉承堅(jiān)守的非凡品位。迄今,我們歷數(shù)種種乾隆琺瑯器,無不感嘆其工藝精湛,被其高超之藝術(shù)水準(zhǔn)所折服。In Qianlong Dynasty, enamel products reached the highest level in Chinese history. At that time, enamel ware attracted the attention of the world, not only because it inherited the foundation of innovation and breakthrough of the two dynasties of Kang and Yong, but also because the craftsmen
in that period had practiced the most exquisite technology, and because the Emperor Qianlong adhered to the special taste. So far, we have counted all kinds of Qianlong enamels, all of which are admired for their exquisite workmanship and superb artistic standards.
銅胎畫琺瑯,又稱銅胎掐絲琺瑯,俗稱“景泰藍(lán)”,是傳統(tǒng)裝飾工藝之一。一般以紅銅或青銅制胎,后在胎上施一層白釉,燒結(jié)后再彩繪,將各種顏色的琺瑯附在銅胎之上,經(jīng)二三次填彩、修正后再燒結(jié)、鍍金、磨光而成。因?yàn)檫@種工藝是在明朝景泰年間興盛起來,因此被命名為景泰琺瑯或是景泰瑯。后來又因常用寶石藍(lán)、孔雀藍(lán)釉作為底襯色,而且“瑯”的發(fā)音近似“藍(lán)”,最后演變成“景泰藍(lán)”這個(gè)名字。再后來,這個(gè)名字就廣泛的包括了所有的銅胎掐絲琺瑯。銅胎畫琺瑯造型典雅,紋飾細(xì)膩,色彩清秀。
The enamel of copper tyre painting, also known as the enamel of copper tyre filigree, commonly known as "Cloisonne", is one of the traditional decoration techniques. Generally, it is made
of red copper or bronze. After that, a layer of white glaze is applied on the tire. After sintering, it is painted. The enamel of various colors is attached to the copper tire. After two or three times of color filling, modification, it is sintered, gilded and polished. It was named Jingtai enamel or Jingtai enamel because it flourished in Jingtai period of Ming Dynasty. Later, because of the common use of sapphire blue and peacock blue glaze as the background color, and the pronunciation of "Lang" is similar to "blue", it finally evolved into the name "Cloisonne". Later, the name was widely used to include all kinds of copper tyre and silk cutting enamel. The enamel of copper tyre painting is elegant in shape, delicate in decoration and beautiful in color.
此件乾隆銅胎畫琺瑯是鐘先生收藏的珍品,在收藏領(lǐng)域,瓷器收藏一直是非常重要的門類。在中國的瓷器領(lǐng)域,除了保存在各大博物館中,那些稀世珍品的瓷器之外,進(jìn)入流通領(lǐng)域的瓷器,在歷年的拍賣會(huì)中,屢創(chuàng)新高。使得大家不得不被中國這種特有的創(chuàng)造,所深深的折服,收藏價(jià)值和升值空間都值得期待。
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