中華民族有著悠久的用玉史與造玉史。相傳，早在清代，賞石藏石之風(fēng)盛行，帝王對奇石、玉石、園林非常崇尚，并雕刻建設(shè)了大量漢白玉雕件：漢白玉獅子、漢白玉碗罐等。清代琢玉的規(guī)模、種類，在中國古代玉雕史上是空前絕后的。其工藝水平集歷代工藝之大成，掀起了中國古代最后一個造玉高潮，它藝術(shù)成就中最有代表性的便是“乾隆時期”。而早在2000多年前我國就發(fā)現(xiàn)了漢白玉這么高潔素雅的原料，利用這種優(yōu)質(zhì)原料進行雕刻的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作，也已經(jīng)有2000多年的歷史了。而近幾年來流傳下來的漢白玉作品的市場行情越來越好，拍賣成交報價屢創(chuàng)新高。漢白玉歷經(jīng)千百年來經(jīng)久不衰，可見其魅力之大，價值之高。
The Chinese nation has a long history of using and making jade. According to legend, as early as the Qing Dynasty, the practice of admiring and hiding stones was popular. Emperors greatly admired rare stones, jade and gardens, and carved and built a large number of white marble carvings: white marble lions, white marble bowls and jars, etc. The scale and type of jade carving in Qing Dynasty is unprecedented in the history of ancient Chinese jade carving. Its level of craftsmanship is a combination of the great achievements of past dynasties, which has set off the last climax of jade making in ancient China. The most representative of its artistic achievements is the "Ganlong Period". As early as 2,000 years ago, China discovered white marble as a high-quality and elegant raw material. It has a history of over 2,000 years to use this high-quality raw material for artistic creation of sculpture. In recent years, the market situation of white marble works handed down is getting better and better, and the auction price has reached new highs. White marble has survived for thousands of years, showing its great charm and high value.
漢白玉是一種名貴的建筑材料，它潔白無瑕，質(zhì)地堅實而又細膩，非常容易雕刻，古往今來的名貴建筑多采用它作原料，成為千百年來皇宮王府庭院雕刻石材的首選。漢白玉色澤呈乳白色，清雅純凈，卻富有貴氣，以獨有的魅力觸動了世人的神經(jīng)，頗受人們喜愛。
White marble is a kind of precious building material. It is white and flawless, solid and delicate in texture, and very easy to carve. It has been widely used as a raw material in precious buildings throughout the ages and has become the first choice for carving stone in the courtyard of the royal palace for thousands of years. White marble is milky white in color, elegant and pure, but rich in noble spirit. It touches the nerves of the world with its unique charm and is popular with people.
關(guān)于漢白玉名稱的由來，人們眾說紛紜。相傳從中國古代起，多用這種石料制作宮殿的石階和護欄，被歷代人人墨客誦吟誦唱，所謂“玉砌雕欄”華麗如玉，所以稱作漢白玉;也有一種說法是，從我國漢代起就用這種宛若美玉的石材修建宮殿，裝飾廟宇，雕刻佛像，點綴殿堂。因為是從漢代開始使用這種建筑材料故稱漢白玉;還有一種說法是漢白玉的“漢”字本應(yīng)就是流汗的“汗”，汗字代表了漢白玉最鮮為人知的一個特征，真正的漢白玉，并非真的潔白無瑕，而是潔白中隱藏著淺淺的紋路，就像是出汗的印記一樣。當然，最為大眾接受的說法是我國從漢代開始就使用這種潔白無瑕的美玉來做建筑材料，人們就順口稱之為漢白玉。
People have different opinions about the origin of the name of white marble. Legend has it that since ancient China, the stone steps and guardrails of palaces were made of this kind of stone, which was chanted and sung by all the ink customers of all ages. The so-called "jade carved railing" is as gorgeous as jade, so it is called white marble. There is also a saying that this kind of jade-like stone has been used since Han Dynasty to build palaces, decorate temples, carve Buddha statues and adorn halls. Because this kind of building material has been used since Han Dynasty, it is called white marble. Another argument is that the word "Han" in white marble is supposed to be "sweat" of sweat. The word "sweat" represents one of the most little-known features of white marble. The real white marble is not really white and flawless, but it hides shallow lines in white, just like the mark of sweat. Of course, the most widely accepted statement is that China has used this kind of flawless white jade as building materials since the Han Dynasty, which is easily called white marble.
乾隆孝粉玉碗的來歷，其中有一段故事：乃是乾隆皇帝他母親當時生病，經(jīng)過御醫(yī)治療研發(fā)中藥必須配合玉器使用才能達到最佳療效。為此乾隆皇帝連夜命令工匠趕制出玉碗-玉蝶-玉杯-玉瓶等。史料記載：當時乾隆命人制造材質(zhì)是漢白玉的，有花紋的，也有八卦紋的實用器，共64套，除了給母親醫(yī)藥用外，還賞賜給個別當朝大臣。但是由于上百年的歷史，使得這些套件都不完整，有些隨著官員過世，埋入土中。分散到了民間。后期被后人譽為“乾隆孝粉”。
The origin of Ganlong Xiaofen jade bowl includes a story: Emperor Ganlong and his mother were ill at that time. Traditional Chinese medicine developed by imperial doctors must be combined with jade to achieve the best curative effect. For this reason, Emperor Ganlong ordered craftsmen to make jade bowls-jade butterflies-jade cups-jade bottles, etc. overnight. Historical records: At that time, Ganlong ordered people to make 64 sets of white marble, patterned and bagua patterned utility devices, which were given to individual ministers of the current dynasty in addition to medical use for their mothers. However, due to hundreds of years of history, these kits are incomplete. Some of them were buried in the earth with the death of the officials. Scattered among the people. Later, it was praised by later generations as "Ganlongxiaofen".
漢白玉雖質(zhì)地較為堅硬，但卻脆弱易碎，所以漢白玉雕刻的藝術(shù)品極其稀罕。因為能稱得上藝術(shù)品的，都必須用頂級的漢白玉，因為只有用頂級漢白玉才可以上數(shù)千萬年
風(fēng)化，次料，普通漢白玉則不同，風(fēng)化年限較早，長的幾十年，短的幾年，有的甚至當年就風(fēng)化，還有的剛幾年就存在石層石線開裂現(xiàn)象。此件漢白玉碗·碟，即選用上等漢白玉制成，材質(zhì)十分精美，用燈光打照，整體十分通透，有玉質(zhì)光感，碗內(nèi)外部均暗刻花紋，整幅畫面繁而不亂，卻顯得生機勃勃，春意盎然，給人一種新鮮、活潑、清新的感覺。底部刻有篆書，上書“乾隆孝粉”。其工藝十分復(fù)雜，就算在宮廷也是稀有之物，收藏價值極高，溫潤的玉材均不作任何人為沁色，規(guī)整的器形端莊雅致，充分體現(xiàn)了乾隆時期的審美趣味，是當時漢白玉碗的杰作。且流傳有序，堪稱精品，更應(yīng)珍藏。
White marble is hard in texture, but fragile and fragile, so white marble carving works of art are extremely rare. Because can be called works of art, must use top-grade white marble, because only with top-grade white marble can tens of millions of years not weathering, secondary material, ordinary white marble is different, weathering years earlier, long decades, short years, some even weathering in those days, and just a few years there is a stone layer stone line cracking phenomenon. This white marble bowl and dish is made of the finest white marble. The material is very exquisite. It is illuminated by light. The whole bowl is transparent and has a jade light feeling. The inside and outside of the bowl are all engraved with patterns. The whole picture is numerous but not messy. However, it is full of vitality and full of spring. It gives people a fresh, lively and fresh feeling. The bottom is engraved with seal script, saying "Ganlongxiaofen". Its craft is very complex, even in the palace is also a rare thing, collection value is extremely high, the jade material of warm and moist does not make any artificial color, neat shape dignified and elegant, fully reflects the dry long period of aesthetic taste, is the masterpiece of white marble bowl at that time. And spread orderly, can be called a boutique, should be treasured.
當前玉器市場上“乾隆玉”是一大霸主，玉器拍賣紀錄多數(shù)是由“乾隆玉”創(chuàng)造的。相對于其他時代的玉器，乾隆時期的玉器“天價”頻出，可見在收藏家心目中有著不可替代的地位。
At present, "Ganlongyu" is a big overlord in the jade market. Most of the auction records of jade are created by "Ganlongyu". Compared with the jade wares of other times, the "sky-high price" of the jade wares of Ganlong period is frequent, which shows that they have an irreplaceable position in the eyes of collectors.
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