駕駛人管理制度是道路交通管理的根本制度之一，駕駛證是道路交通管理發展到一定階段的必然產物。駕駛員的準入資格審核和考核發證，對于掌握交通發展動態以及保證交通安全等方面起了十分重要的作用。
Driver's management system is one of the fundamental systems of road traffic management. Driver's license is the inevitable outcome of the development of road traffic management to a certain stage. The examination and certification of drivers' admission qualifications play a very important role in mastering the development of traffic and ensuring traffic safety.
20世紀初，中國汽車數量不多，汽車安全問題也不突出，然而，北京、上海等汽車較多的城市已開始探索汽車駕駛人管理制度，京師警察廳率先推出了汽車司機人執照，中國第一代汽車駕駛執照就此誕生。隨著汽車數量的與日俱增，青島、武漢、廣州等地也相繼制定汽車駕駛執照的申領規定，執照種類式樣各不相同。
At the beginning of the 20th century, there were not many cars in China and the problem of car safety was not prominent. However, cities with more cars, such as Beijing and Shanghai, have begun to explore the management system of car drivers. Jingshi Police Office took the lead in introducing the license of car drivers, thus the first generation of car drivers in China was born. With the increasing number of automobiles, Qingdao, Wuhan, Guangzhou and other places have also formulated regulations for applying for automobile driving licenses, with different types and styles of licenses.
1932年，蘇浙皖京滬五省市交通委員會成立，先后制定了《汽車駕駛人執照統一辦法》等規定，實現了駕駛執照的跨省市的統一。1936年，全國公路交通委員會成立，為了便于汽車在全國范圍內互通，規定了全國統一的駕駛人執照樣式，并分成了普通和職業兩類。
In 1932, the transportation committees of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Beijing, Shanghai and other five provinces and cities were established and successively formulated regulations such as "uniform measures for driver's license", which realized the unification of driving licenses across provinces and cities. In 1936, the National Highway Traffic Committee was established. In order to facilitate the exchange of cars across the country, it stipulated a unified driver's license model and divided it into ordinary and professional categories.
在公安部交通管理科學研究所交通警察歷史館里，收藏了一本頒發于1949年10月的汽車駕駛證，是迄今發現的“新中國成立后最早汽車駕駛證”。
In the traffic police history hall of the traffic management science research institute of the Ministry of public security, a car driver's license issued in October 1949 is collected, which is "the earliest car driver's license since the founding of new China".
該駕駛證內頁“技術鑒定”欄印有駕駛簡歷、執照種類、技術等級評定等項目，此外還單列了“獎賞記錄”“懲處記錄”和“工作記錄”。值得一提的是，當時只有“商號”和“機關”這兩種單位選項，其中“商號”僅有獎勵權而無懲罰權。
The "technical appraisal" column on the inside page of the driver's license is printed with the driving resume, license type, technical grade evaluation and other items, in addition, there are also separate "reward records", "punishment records" and "work records". It is worth mentioning that at that time there were only two kinds of unit options, namely "firm" and "organ", of which "firm" had only the right to reward but not the right to punish.
這本汽車駕駛證發證單位是遼寧省會公安局，除加蓋了公安局公章外，主管員和考驗員分別加蓋了署名章，體現了公安機關在駕駛人考試方面的嚴格把關，也體現了新生政權對交通安全問題的特別重視。
The license issuing unit of this car driver's license is the Liaoning provincial capital public security bureau. in addition to the official seal of the public security bureau, the supervisor and the tester have affixed their signatures respectively, which reflects the strict control of the public security organs in driver's examination and the special attention paid by the new government to traffic safety issues.
駕駛證扉頁印有“愛護車輛”“節省燃料”“謹慎駕駛”“遵守規章”4條醒目的駕駛員信條。新中國成立初期因為汽車主要服務于國防戰事和國家建設，所以第一條信條的“愛護車輛”體現的是對國家和集體財物的愛護；當時，由于國內燃油資源相當匱乏，很多汽車仍然采用燃燒木炭的驅動方式，所以第二條宣傳的是節省燃料而非節省油料；早期的汽車剎車性能不佳，在相當長一段時期內，“人走一尺，車跑一丈，與汽車搶路準上當”是針對行人宣傳最多的交通安全標語，而面向汽車駕駛員群體宣傳最多的交通安全標語就是第三條信條的“謹慎駕駛”。此外，由于當時全國統一的交通管理規章尚未成形，所以信條第四條倡導遵守的“規章”，主要是地方性的交通管理規章。
The title page of the driver's license is printed with four conspicuous driver's creed: "take good care of the vehicle", "save fuel", "drive carefully" and "abide by regulations". In the early days of the founding of new China, because automobiles were mainly used for national defense and national construction, the first creed of "caring for automobiles" reflected the care for national and collective property. At that time, due to the shortage of domestic fuel resources, many cars were still driven by burning charcoal, so the second promotion was to save fuel instead of oil. The brake performance of early cars was poor. For a long period of time, "people walk a foot, cars run ten feet, and cars rob roads to be cheated" was the most publicized traffic safety slogan for pedestrians, while the most publicized traffic safety slogan for car drivers was the "careful driving" of the third creed. In addition, since the unified traffic management regulations had not yet taken shape at that time, the "regulations" advocated by article 4 of the creed were mainly local traffic management regulations.
新中國成立后相當長一段時間內，汽車駕駛員都要有掛靠單位才能學駕駛和考證，一般由單位出錢培訓人員考汽車駕駛證，開的車也是單位的公車，在違反交通規則和法紀的情況下，司機的工作機關或商號有權收回駕駛證或取消駕駛證。此外，該汽車駕駛證內頁《持照須知》的第5條“持照人非在執行行車職務時，本執照并不等于通行證”，這句“否定之否定”的表述文字明確了汽車駕駛證的用途范圍。
For a long period of time after the founding of New China, car drivers have to have affiliated units to learn driving and research. Generally, the units pay for training personnel to take the driving license examination. The cars they drive are also the buses of the units. In case of violation of traffic rules and laws and regulations, the driver's working organ or business has the right to take back the driving license or cancel the driving license. In addition, article 5 of the "Notice to Holders of License" on the inside page of the car driver's license "this license is not equal to a pass when the holder is not performing driving duties", and the expression "negative, negative" clearly defines the scope of use of the car driver's license.
新中國成立之初，百廢待興，駕駛人管理制度都處于嶄新的摸索階段。通過不同時期的汽車駕駛證，能窺見各時期的交通管理水平、經濟發展狀況和精神文明程度。隨著社會的進步，駕駛證的科技含量也與時俱進，駕駛證樣式從紙質手冊式逐步發展成今天的塑質卡式，同時融入了高科技的防偽元素。
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, everything had to be scrapped and the driver management system was in a brand-new exploratory stage. Through different periods of car driving license, we can get a glimpse of the traffic management level, economic development and spiritual civilization level in each period. With the progress of the society, the scientific and technological content of the driver's license also keeps pace with the times. The style of the driver's license has gradually developed from a paper manual to today's plastic card, and at the same time, high-tech anti-counterfeiting elements have been incorporated.
2019年，我國的機動車保有量已經達到3.48億輛，機動車駕駛人達4.35億人，嚴謹規范的駕駛人制度是從源頭上確保道路交通安全的一劑良方，公安部門不斷完善駕駛人管理制度，有著重要的現實意義。
In 2019, the number of motor vehicles in our country has reached 348 million and the number of motor vehicle drivers has reached 435 million. Strict and standardized driver system is a good way to ensure road traffic safety from the source. The public security department is constantly improving the driver management system, which has important practical significance.
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