近日 本公司征集精品推薦：多面花立體化石
【藏品名稱】：生物化石
[collection name]: Biologic fossils
【類別】：雜項
Class: miscellaneous
古生物化石，生物種類最多，化石保存最精美，科研價值最高，幾乎每一種新發(fā)現(xiàn)都令古生物科學(xué)家驚嘆不已。應(yīng)該說，地層中廣泛分布的古生物化石是最精美、最生動的語言，遼西的古生物化石記錄在晚侏羅紀(jì)——早白堊紀(jì)時期的漸變和突變的各種地質(zhì)事件，為我們今天科學(xué)研究提供了珍貴的物證。
Paleontology fossils have the most species, the most exquisite fossil preservation, and the highest scientific research value. Almost every new discovery amazes paleontologists. It should be said that the most beautiful and vivid language is the widely distributed paleontological fossils in the strata. The various geological events of gradual change and mutation recorded in the late Jurassic Early Cretaceous period in western Liaoning provide precious physical evidence for our scientific research today.
動物死亡后，細(xì)菌就會分解掉尸體上的各種組織。但若尸體剛好在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r間被留在了適當(dāng)?shù)牡攸c，尸體上某些堅硬的組織如骨骼、殼、牙齒等就可以保存下來。如果幸運的話，古生物學(xué)者可以從一片廢墟中挖出300 萬年前的動物牙齒。他們把這些從遠古時代呆存至今的生物標(biāo)本叫做化石。化石有些是埋藏了幾個世紀(jì)的動物牙齒、骨骼或殼，有些是古代動植物的印模，比如說拓在巖石上的海洋生物的骨骼形狀。地球上的礦物質(zhì)形成的動物骨質(zhì)組織的復(fù)制品也可以叫做化石。
When an animal dies, the bacteria break down the tissues on the body. But if the body is left in the right place at the right time, some hard tissues such as bones, shells, teeth, etc. can be preserved. If they're lucky, paleontologists can dig out 3 million years old animal teeth from the rubble. They call these living specimens from ancient times to the present fossils. Some fossils are teeth, skeletons or shells of animals that have been buried for centuries, some are impressions of ancient animals and plants, such as the skeletons of marine creatures stretched on rocks. A replica of the animal's bone tissue formed by minerals on earth can also be called a fossil.
人們通過化石看到了很久以前的生物。不過化石的形成對環(huán)境要求非常苛刻，其中最重要的一點就是避免風(fēng)吹雨淋。只有當(dāng)動植物的殘骸被埋在某種沉淀物，比如說巖石碎片、土壤、沙礫或者灰塵等下面時，才構(gòu)成了形成化石的環(huán)境條件。
People have seen creatures from a long time ago through fossils. However, the formation of fossils is very demanding on the environment, and the most important thing is to avoid wind and rain. Only when the remains of animals and plants are buried under some kind of sediment, such as rock debris, soil, gravel or dust, can they form the environmental conditions for fossilization.
有時尸體被埋在湖泊、沼澤或洞穴中的沉積物中，這些地方也是埋藏化石的有利地點。但是最適于孕育化石的地方，通常是(或曾經(jīng)一度是)地質(zhì)活躍的地方，比如說火山地區(qū)或者正處于生長期的山脈地區(qū)。喜馬拉雅山脈就是處于生長期的山脈，南亞次大陸與歐亞大陸相互擠壓，抬高了這里的地勢。在山脈生長的過程中，許多巖石塊會從山脈上滾落，墜入河流，然后河流又把這些石塊送海洋。細(xì)菌遍布于干燥的陸地環(huán)境中，細(xì)菌可以迅速地分解動植物的尸體。然而在河床的土壤里，動植物的組織則可以遠離細(xì)菌侵襲。所以大多數(shù)化石都是在有水域覆蓋(或曾經(jīng)有河流流經(jīng))的土壤中被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
Sometimes bodies are buried in sediments in lakes, swamps or caves, which are also good places to bury fossils. But the most suitable place for breeding fossils is usually (or once was) the place with active geology, such as volcanic area or mountain area in growing period. The Himalayas are the growing mountains. The South Asian subcontinent and Eurasia are squeezing each other, raising the terrain here. In the process of mountain growth, many rocks will roll off the mountain, fall into the river, and then the river will send these rocks to the ocean. Bacteria are found all over the dry land environment, which can rapidly decompose the dead animals and plants. However, in the river bed soil, the tissues of animals and plants can be far away from the invasion of bacteria. So most of the fossils are found in water covered (or river flowing) soil.
若沒有原始人化石的佐證，人們又如何能知道自己從何哪里來呢。除了人類，所有的生物進化我們都可以從化石中尋找答案，根據(jù)化石我們還會發(fā)現(xiàn)許多現(xiàn)今已經(jīng)滅絕的動物，但根據(jù)化石的體現(xiàn)，科學(xué)家也能構(gòu)造出它們當(dāng)時的輝煌，比如恐龍。除了這些，化石對地質(zhì)學(xué)家的研究也非常重要，根據(jù)化石，地質(zhì)學(xué)家可以推測出化石距離我們的年代，以及一直以來地球地殼的運動及地質(zhì)學(xué)家可以確定一個特定區(qū)域的某種地質(zhì)建造的分布。化石中一些微生物的化石還可以作為人們發(fā)現(xiàn)石油的指示性化石，通過對這些細(xì)小的古生物遺體的研究可以獲得地下巖層的年代和儲油信息。
How can people know where they come from without the evidence of primitive human fossils. In addition to human beings, we can find the answer from the fossils for all the biological evolution. According to the fossils, we will find many animals that are now extinct. But according to the fossils, scientists can also construct their glory at that time, such as dinosaurs. Besides these, fossils are also very important for geologists to study. According to fossils, geologists can infer the age of fossils from us, and the movement of the earth's crust and geologists can determine the distribution of a certain geological formation in a specific region. Some microbial fossils in the fossils can also be used as indicative fossils for the discovery of oil. Through the study of these small remains of paleontology, we can obtain the age and oil storage information of underground strata.
從植物學(xué)上來說，花是被子植物的繁殖器官。現(xiàn)在地球上總共大約有25萬種被子植物,也就是有著20余萬種不同的花美麗綻放,點綴著我們賴以生存的星球家園。而人類對于遠古生命的認(rèn)識，主要來自于化石。近百年來，中國古植物學(xué)家通過努力,發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個又一個展現(xiàn)植物演化奧秘的重要化石。這些珍貴標(biāo)本展現(xiàn)了植物演化漫長歷史中,從蕨類植物的孢子到被子植物的花的眾多關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)。這些標(biāo)本被稱為“模式標(biāo)本”,在國內(nèi)外非常珍稀。
In Botany, flowers are the reproductive organs of angiosperms. Now there are about 250000 kinds of angiosperms on the earth. That is to say, there are more than 200000 kinds of different flowers blooming beautifully, embellishing our planet home. The knowledge of ancient life mainly comes from fossils. In the past hundred years, Chinese paleobotanists have found important fossils that show the mystery of plant evolution one after another through their efforts. These precious specimens show many key links in the long history of plant evolution, from the spores of ferns to the flowers of angiosperms. These specimens are called "model specimens" and are very rare at home and abroad.
化石對于揭開地球過去太重要了，它就是各個時期留下來的無聲的歷史，它們將自己化身石頭般的存在來告訴現(xiàn)在的人們那些年曾有過它們，那些年曾發(fā)生過什么。
Fossils are very important to uncover the past of the earth. They are the silent history left over from various periods. They incarnate themselves as stone like beings to tell the people who have them in those years and what happened in those years.
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Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this , please contact Tingjie Network Service Co., Ltd!
分享是一種美德，分享是一種快樂，學(xué)會分享，快樂他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a joy, learn to share, happy others!
