近日 本公司征集精品推薦：宋代吉州窯魚紋碗、清代瓷雕人物瓶
【藏品名稱】：宋代吉州窯魚紋碗
[collection name]: Bronze mask
【類別】：瓷器
Class: Porcelain
在我國江西吉安地區，宋代除景德鎮湖田窯外，還有一座著名的窯口，那就是吉州窯。宋代的吉州窯，它以吉州永和鎮為中心，興于晚唐，盛于兩宋，衰于元末，燒瓷活動持續到明代后期，前后約有600年歷史。南宋永和鎮吉州窯興旺時期，據當地文獻記載，"辟坊巷街三市"，"七十二條花街"，錦繡鋪有幾千戶，百尺層樓萬余家。
In Ji'an area of Jiangxi Province, in the Song Dynasty, in addition to the Hutian kiln in Jingdezhen, there was also a famous kiln entrance, that is, the Jizhou kiln. Jizhou kiln in the Song Dynasty, centered on Yonghe town of Jizhou, flourished in the late Tang Dynasty, flourished in the two Song Dynasties and declined in the late Yuan Dynasty. The porcelain firing activity lasted until the late Ming Dynasty, with a history of about 600 years. In the prosperous period of Jizhou kiln in Yonghe town of Southern Song Dynasty, according to local documents, "three cities of bifangxiang Street", "seventy-two flower streets", there are thousands of rich brocade shops and more than ten thousand buildings.
吉州窯位于今江西吉安的永和鎮，創燒于唐末五代，極盛于南宋，衰落于元末明初，延燒時間約五百年。它博采眾窯之長，集南、北各大民窯之大成，在宋元時期的窯場中，其產品釉色最為豐富，既有南方窯系流行的青白釉、黃釉、黑釉，又燒北方窯系常見的乳白釉、綠釉、褐釉。所燒瓷器品種極為豐富，如白釉器仿定窯，青釉器仿龍泉窯，白釉彩繪及黑釉器可與磁州窯、建陽窯產品相媲美，其中尤以黑釉器變化多端，如玳瑁釉、樹葉紋、剪紙花紋、描金彩繪、剔劃花紋、黑釉褐斑、白斑及藍斑等各具特色。
Jizhou kiln is located in Yonghe town of Ji'an, Jiangxi Province. It was founded in the late Tang and Five Dynasties, flourished in the Southern Song Dynasty, declined in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasty, and lasted for about 500 years. It is widely used in many kilns and integrates the great achievements of the South and North kilns. Among the kilns in the song and Yuan Dynasties, its products have the most abundant glaze colors, including the blue white glaze, yellow glaze and black glaze popular in the southern kiln system, as well as the milky white glaze, green glaze and brown glaze common in the northern kiln system. The fired porcelain is very rich in varieties, such as white glaze imitated Ding kiln, blue glaze imitated Longquan kiln, white glaze painting and black glaze can be compared with Cizhou kiln and Jianyang kiln products, especially black glaze, such as tortoiseshell glaze, leaf pattern, paper-cut pattern, gold painting, scratch pattern, black glaze Brown spot, white spot and blue spot.
此藏品宋代吉州窯魚紋碗,碗呈束口，腹壁較斜，底為矮圈足。外壁通體施釉，且用黃褐色釉隨意點灑成大小不一的斑點，有自然開片。由于“魚”諧音為“余”，因此素有“有余”的吉祥含義。直到今天，逢年過節、生日喜慶之時，國人仍習慣煮上幾條魚，不為滿足口腹之欲，只為討那一份吉祥如意的好口彩。
The fish grain bowl of Jizhou kiln in Song Dynasty is in the shape of a bundle mouth, with a slanted abdominal wall and a short ring foot at the bottom. The outer wall is fully glazed, and the yellow brown glaze is randomly sprinkled into spots of different sizes, with natural opening. Because the homonym of "fish" is "Yu", it has the auspicious meaning of "Yu". To this day, when celebrating Chinese New Year's holidays and birthdays, Chinese people are still used to cooking a few fish, not to satisfy their appetite, but only to ask for a good taste of good luck.
魚跟雁一樣，可作為書信的代名詞。古人為秘傳信息，以絹帛寫信而裝在魚腹中。這樣以魚傳信稱為“魚傳尺素”。唐宋時，顯貴達官身皆佩以金制作的信符稱“魚符”，以明貴賤。“魚”與“余”諧音，所以魚象征著富貴。“如魚得水”用來描述工作和生活和諧美滿、幸福、自在。
Fish, like wild geese, can be used as a synonym for letters. The ancients wrote letters on silk and put them in the belly of fish. In this way, fish transmission is called "fish transmission element". In the Tang and Song Dynasties, all the dignitaries and officials wore the letter talismans made of gold called "fish talismans" to show that they were noble and humble. "Fish" and "Yu" are homophonic, so fish symbolizes wealth. "Like a fish in water" is used to describe the harmony, happiness and freedom of work and life.
宋吉州窯創燒的“木葉天目”、“剪紙貼花天目”，至今影響當今陶瓷界，它是我國最早將民間剪紙貼花藝術直接運用到瓷器裝飾上的陶瓷產區，所產黑釉茶盞可以與當時的建盞比美，在我國制瓷史上占有十分重要的地位。
The "wood leaf Tianmu" and "paper-cut and decal Tianmu" created and burned in Jizhou kiln of Song Dynasty have influenced today's ceramic industry. It is the first ceramic production area in China that directly applies folk paper-cut and Decal Art to porcelain decoration. The black glazed tea cups produced by it can be compared with the ones built at that time and play a very important role in the history of China's porcelain making.
【藏品名稱】：清代瓷雕人物瓶
[collection name]: Qing Dynasty porcelain figure vase
【類別】：瓷器
Class: Porcelain
順冶一朝經歷17年。順冶朝的瓷器胎質，釉色，造型，紋飾，彩繪等各方面與崇禎瓷器相似。如胎體厚重，釉色白中略泛青，釉層較肥厚。形制古樸渾厚，彩繪濃重。既保留了明瓷特征，又有康熙瓷常見特點。有相當一部分順冶器口部施深淺不一的醬黃釉。有人將其看作順冶器的重要特征。
Shunye experienced 17 years. The porcelain of shunye Dynasty is similar to Chongzhen porcelain in terms of its texture, glaze color, shape, decoration and color painting. For example, the carcass is thick, the glaze is white and slightly cyan, and the glaze is thick. The shape is simple and thick, and the color painting is thick. It not only retains the characteristics of Ming porcelain, but also has the common characteristics of Kangxi porcelain. There are quite a few of the shunye tools with different depth and shallow yellow glaze. Some people regard it as an important feature of shunye.
康熙一朝經歷了61年。康熙朝的瓷器是清代景德鎮瓷器的重點之一。無論從造型，品種，釉色彩繪諸方面，康熙制瓷都具有較高水平。從造型看，挺撥硬朗，雄奇魁偉者頗多。尤其是大件琢器，小件作品中，細巧秀麗者也不在小數。康熙官窯瓷的主要特色在于顏色釉方面。康熙早期以此為主。康熙晚期創燒了琺瑯彩和粉彩。青花在早中晚期有許多不同風格的作品。其中以“翠毛色”和“寶石藍”為最隹。
Kangxi Dynasty experienced 61 years. The porcelain of Kangxi Dynasty is one of the key points of Jingdezhen porcelain in Qing Dynasty. Kangxi porcelain has a high level in shape, variety and glaze color painting. From the perspective of modeling, it's quite tough, and there are many magnificent people. Especially in the large and small pieces of work, the delicate and beautiful are not in the small number. The main feature of Kangxi official kiln porcelain lies in the color and glaze. In the early Kangxi period, this was the main idea. In the late Kangxi period, enamel and pastel were created and burned. There are many different styles of blue and white works in the early, middle and late period. Among them, "Emerald" and "Sapphire" are the best.
雍正一朝經歷13年。景德鎮御窯廠燒造的官窯瓷器品種十分豐富，產品燒造質量名列清瓷之冠。原因在于本朝出現了唐英那樣優秀陶官。與康熙民窯相比，雍正民窯的傳世品要小得多。但雍正民窯中有許多制作精良的瓷器。如“粉彩”“斗彩”“青花”“顏色釉”等。均有突出的作品，有的與官窯相差無幾。雍正朝最名貴官窯琺瑯彩瓷傳世稀少。粉彩是本朝的主流，制作也為清瓷之冠。而斗彩的制作實際上比粉彩更勝一籌。康熙斗彩的五彩與青花拼逗制作。雍正斗彩用粉彩與青花結合，比康熙朝的作品更顯精雅細膩。青花不是本朝官窯的拿手作品，但燒造量很大。以仿宣德青花為藍本，運用“點”“染”“拓”等繪彩方法，把宣德的青花神韻發揮得淋漓盡致。所仿作品亂真率為歷朝之冠。而顏色釉中的仿官，仿汝，仿鈞等釉色開創了清朝官窯仿制之先河，首次把宋代五大名窯中的名品搬到本朝，予以精心摹仿，并結合本朝制作特色，書以本朝官款。雍正瓷器是清瓷中最細潔，最精致的。仿哥窯在雍正，乾隆朝十分流行。白哥窯（釉色較白）黃哥窯（釉色較黃）比青哥窯（釉色呈青灰色）的更受歡迊。青哥窯較為普通。雍正祭紅釉瓷在清代祭紅釉中質量最好，價格也最高。康熙，乾隆朝的祭紅釉沒有雍正朝的細潔，乾隆以后的就更粗糙了。祭紅釉中，天球瓶較少，玉壺春瓶，膽瓶等較多。雍正朝的青花，粉彩為大燒造主流。粉彩以白地為主。少量作品上出現色地。青花以暈散的永樂，宣德風格為主，也有康熙風格和仿明晚期風格等。民窯青花也有以上幾種風格。
Yongzheng Dynasty experienced 13 years. Jingdezhen imperial kiln has a wide range of porcelain products, which ranks first in the quality of Qing porcelain. The reason lies in the appearance of excellent pottery officials like Tang Ying. Compared with Kangxi folk kiln, Yongzheng folk kiln has a much smaller heritage. But there are many well-made porcelain in Yongzheng kilns. Such as "Pastel", "fighting color", "blue and white", "color glaze", etc. There are outstanding works, some of which are similar to the official kilns. In Yongzheng Dynasty, the most precious official kiln enamel and color porcelain was rarely handed down. Pastel is the mainstream of this dynasty, and its production is also the crown of Qing porcelain. In fact, the production of fighting colors is better than that of pastels. The five colors and blue and white of Kangxi's fighting colors are made for playing. Yongzheng fighting color combines pastels with blue and white, which is more refined and delicate than the works of Kangxi Dynasty. Blue and white are not the masterpieces of official kilns of this dynasty, but they are produced in large quantities. Based on the imitation of Xuande blue and white, Xuande's blue and white verve is fully developed by using the methods of "dot", "dye" and "extension". The accuracy of the imitated works is the highest in all dynasties. The imitation of official, Ru and Jun in the color glaze created the precedent of the imitation of official kilns in the Qing Dynasty. For the first time, the famous products in the five famous kilns in the Song Dynasty were moved to this dynasty for careful imitation. Combined with the characteristics of this dynasty's production, the book was based on the official money of this dynasty. Yongzheng porcelain is the finest and most exquisite of Qing porcelain. Imitated Ge kiln was very popular in Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties. Baige kiln (white glaze) Huangge kiln (yellow glaze) is more popular than Qingge kiln (blue gray glaze). Qingge kiln is relatively common. Yongzheng sacrificial red glaze in Qing Dynasty has the best quality and the highest price. In Kangxi, the sacrificial red glaze of Qianlong Dynasty was not as fine and clean as that of Yongzheng Dynasty, and it was rougher after Qianlong. In the red glaze, there are fewer heavenly sphere bottles, more jade pot and spring bottles, more gall bottles, etc. In Yongzheng Dynasty, the blue and white and the pastel were the main stream of firing. The main color is white. A few works appear colored. The blue and white flowers are mainly of Yongle and Xuande styles, including Kangxi style and late Ming style. The blue and white of folk kilns also have the above styles.
乾隆一朝經歷61年。乾隆朝是瓷器燒造的集大成時期，也是清代景德鎮達到極盛的時代。這一朝的官窯瓷以豐富，多彩的品種和制作精美而著稱于世。由于乾隆元年至二十年，依然有唐英等卓越的督陶官和大批管理人才與能工巧匠。乾隆早期官窯瓷的燒造與雍正朝官窯的燒造水平幾乎不相上下，如果不施款，很難區分前后。乾隆二十一年。唐英歿病，官窯質日益下降。從此官窯的燒造開始滑坡。乾隆民窯瓷的燒造與官窯瓷的燒造基本上是同步發展，盡管在質量上不能與嚴格監燒的官窯瓷相提并論，但有特色的作品時有涌現。不少作品不加細辯，難分是官窯還是民窯。從品種看，除了琺瑯彩是官窯在宮廷加工燒制外，其佘品種也有仿制。當時有所謂的“官古瓷”和“假官古瓷”等品種。實即是民窯所燒的上等瓷器，這類作品不斷在當地燒制。從整體看，他們的制作水平在官，民窯之間。是乾隆民窯的代表作品。乾隆朝景德鎮瓷器最大的特點是集古代文玩的大成。凡古瓷中有的品種，本朝均有仿燒，而且質量高超而逼真。乾隆朝官窯瓷器中有些品種有時代早晚的區別。如青花，早朝器似雍正，以仿宣德點染暈散的作品為主。中晚期燒造的作品，色澤穩定，表現基調明快的風格。粉彩瓷中，色地粉彩器的制作多于白地粉彩器。
Qianlong Dynasty experienced 61 years. The Qianlong Dynasty was a period of porcelain making, and Jingdezhen reached its peak in Qing Dynasty. The official kiln porcelain of this dynasty is famous for its rich and colorful varieties and exquisite production. From the first year to the 20th year of Qianlong's reign, there were still Tang Ying and other outstanding supervisors and a large number of management talents and skilled craftsmen. In the early Qianlong period, the firing level of the official kilns was almost the same as that of the Yongzheng Dynasty. If there was no payment, it would be difficult to distinguish between the former and the latter. Qianlong 21 years. The quality of official kilns declined with the death of Tang Ying. Since then, the firing of Guanyao began to slide. The firing of Qianlong folk kiln porcelain and the firing of official kiln porcelain are basically synchronous development. Although the quality of the kiln porcelain can not be compared with that of the official kiln porcelain under strict supervision, there are some distinctive works emerging from time to time. Many works are indistinguishable from the official kiln or the folk kiln. In terms of varieties, in addition to the official kilns processing and firing enamel in the palace, other varieties are also imitated. At that time, there were so-called "official ancient porcelain" and "fake official ancient porcelain" and other varieties. In fact, it is the first-class porcelain fired in the folk kilns, and such works are continuously made in the local area. From the overall point of view, their production level is between the official and the civil kilns. It is a representative work of Qianlong kiln. The most important feature of Jingdezhen porcelain in Qianlong Dynasty is the collection of ancient culture and games. All kinds of ancient porcelain are imitated in this dynasty, and the quality is superb and lifelike. In Qianlong Dynasty, there were some kinds of porcelains of different ages. Such as blue and white, early Dynasty utensils like Yongzheng, mainly to imitate the works of Xuande Dianran Yunsan. The works made in the middle and late period have stable color and bright style. In pastel porcelain, the production of colored pastels is more than that of white pastels.
宣統一朝經歷了4年。宣統朝距現代僅一步之遙。本朝燒造成量可能有限，品種也不多。主要有青花，五彩，粉彩及各顏色釉器等。從傳世品看。宣統官窯瓷燒造質量均較高，不管品種，樣式，釉彩皆仿前朝。與光緒器基本相似，但同類作品制作比光緒器精細。宣統民窯瓷器在傳世中出現較小，這并不是燒造少，本朝燒造僅3年。但距今時間近，損毀面不致太大。因而必有許多器物存世，由于許多的瓷器不落款，所以在鑒定中可能被劃歸光緒或民國．宣統朝瓷器無特別創新，但彩瓷新品種淺絳粉彩在光緒流行后，此時仍繼續發展。還燒造了停燒已久的琺瑯彩瓷器。
The Xuantong Dynasty experienced four years. Xuantong Dynasty is only one step away from modern times. In this dynasty, the number of products made by firing may be limited, and there are not many varieties. There are blue and white, five colors, pastels and various color glaze ware. From the perspective of heirloom products. Xuantong official kiln porcelain firing quality is high, regardless of variety, style, glaze color are similar to the previous dynasty. It is basically similar to Guangxu ware, but the production of similar works is finer than Guangxu ware. Xuantong folk kiln porcelain appears smaller in the past, which is not the lack of firing, only three years in this dynasty. However, the damage surface is not too large due to the short time. As a result, there must be many artifacts survived. Because many of them were not settled, they may be classified as Guangxu or the Republic of China in the appraisal. There was no special innovation in Xuantong Dynasty porcelain, but the new color porcelain, light crimson powder color, continued to develop after Guangxu became popular. The enamel colored porcelain that had been stopped burning for a long time was also made.
豐富藝術生活，傳遞藝術價值！如果您對此感興趣，歡迎聯系庭杰網絡服務有限公司！
Enrich art life and transfer art value! If you are interested in this , please contact Tingjie Network Service Co., Ltd!
分享是一種美德，分享是一種快樂，學會分享，快樂他人！
Sharing is a virtue, sharing is a joy, learn to share, happy others!
